[Anthropometric characteristics of upper limb in Iranian and Pakistani subjects]

The human anthropometric characteristics are surveyed in anthropology. Anthropology is used in archeology, physiotherapy, rehabilitation and legal medicine. This study was carried out to evaluate the anthropometric characteristics of upper limb in Iranian and Pakistani subjects. This descriptive - analytic study was performed on 300 resident's adult subjects [180 males and 120 females] in Qazvin, Iran and 356 residents [181 males and 175 females] in Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Anthropometric characteristics of upper limb were measured in an anatomical position. The mean +/- SD of arm length was 36.8 +/- 2.37 CM and 28.1 +/- 2.44 CM, in Pakistani and Iranian males, respectively, this difference was significant [P<0.05]. The Mean of forearm length, hand length and hand width in Iranian men and women were non-significantly more than Pakistani subjects. Anthropometric characteristics of upper limb of Iranian are higher than Pakistani subjects, but this difference only in arm length of men was significant

Nitric oxide acts through different signaling pathways in maturation of cumulus cell-enclosed mouse oocytes

Nitric oxide [NO] have a dual action in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation which depends on its concentration, but the mechanisms by which it influences oocyte maturation has not been exactly clarified. In this study different signaling mechanisms which exist for in vitro maturation of meiosis was examined in cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes [CEOs] after injection of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin [PMSG] to immature female mice. The CEOs were cultured in spontaneous maturation and hypoxanthine [HX] arrested model. Sodium nitroprusside [SNP, an NO donor, 10mM] delayed germinal vesicle breakdown [GVBD] significantly during the first 5 hrs of incubation and inhibited the formation of first polar body [PB1] at the end of 24 hrs of incubation. SNP [10-5M] stimulated the meiotic maturation of oocytes significantly by overcoming the inhibition of HX. Sildenafil [a cGMP stimulator, 100 nM], had a significant inhibitory effects on both spontaneous meiotic maturation and HX-arrested meiotic maturation. Forskolin [an adenylate cyclase stimulator, 6 micro M] and SNP [10mM] had the same effects on GVBD. Forskolin reversed the SNP [10-5M] stimulated meiotic maturation. These results suggest that differences in pathways are present between SNP-inhibited spontaneous meiotic maturation and SNP-stimulated meiotic maturation in mouse oocytes

[ effects of hyaluronan on fertilization capability of mouse sperm before cryopreservation and after thawing]

Freezing and thawing induce a number of insults to the sperm cells, such as low motility and low fertilization capability. For evaluation of hyaluronan [HA] supplementation on sperm characteristics, we investigated the effect of hyaluronan [HA] on mouse sperm before freezing and after thawing. For this purpose we removed cauda epididimes from 24 male mice with aseptic method and freezed the semen in 1.8ml cryotubes with%18 raffinose and%3 skim milk cryoprotectant solution.We had 4 groups: group 1[fresh control] group 2 [freeze control] group 3[supplemented 750 micro g/ml HA to sperm before freezing] and group 4[supplemented 750 micro g/ml HA to sperm after thawing]. Fertility rate evaluated after routine IVF by counting two-cell stage embryos. HA supplementation [750 micro g /ml] after thawing improved fertilization capability parameters but supplementation before freezing had no effect on mentioned characteristic. Acording to data of present study the hyaluronan supplemen- tation [750 micro g /ml] after thawing has the greatest effect on the fertility rate of sperms

Enhancing open wound healing of the skin by low power He-Ne laser radiation

Reducing pain and enhancement of wound healing have several advantages. Wound healing is a complicated but regular process that includes synchronized and organized phenomena such as parenchymal cells migration, proliferation and synthesis of extra- cellular matrix proteins. Rate of wound healing is affected by various factors. The aim of our research was to study the effects of low power He-Ne laser radiation [632.8 nm] on metabolic process, cell proliferation and finally wound repairment. In our research about 50 healthy mature rats were studied by case-control method. After shaving, small cuts 10 mm in length were made at the neck. Then they were divided randomly into control and case groups. The rats of the case group were radiated by He-Ne laser to their wounds about four minutes each day. After a weak we did wound biopsy of both groups and all the specimens were studied microscopically. The data was analyzed by t-test. Findings showed that there were significant increase in the fibroblast and connective tissue fibers and also vascularisation in the case group compared with the control group. Wound healing in the case group was accelerated and wound diameter was smaller significantly. So low power He-Ne laser radiation accelerates wound healing process

Effects of L-arginine on development of mouse pre-implantation embryos in culture media with high level of glucose

It is accepted that maternal hyperglycemia causes delay in early embryonic development, spontaneous miscarriage and malformations. According to various studies, some of these problems occur in earlier stages of embryonic developmen especially pre-implantation stage. It seems that elevated glucose level of blood can have important role in this regard as potential teratogen factor. One of cases, which can be related to racousnesses resulting from glucose effects is Nitric Oxide [NO] system disorder in hyperglycemic condition. Some evidences show at first in hyperglycemic condition, L-arginine uptake of media by embryo increases and therefore leads to decrease amount of available L-arginine and since L-arginine is essential substrate for NO production, so it's decrease inhibits NO production. To examine this hypothesis, 2-cell embryos of mice were cultured in media of high concentration of glucose [30mM] and different concentrations of L-arginine [5, 10, 20 mM] and their growth and development were assessed and at the end, embryos were stained by Hoechst 33254 color and the number of their blactocysts were counted by use a Fluorescence microscope. Comparison of embryos culture in HTF culture media with different concentration of glucose and L-arginin showed in high glucose media up to 30 mM affects growth and development of embryos totally and decrease their blactocysts numbers, but addition of 5-10 mM L-arginine to this media significantly improves this condition. On the contrary addition of L-NAME [an antagonist of L-arginine] significantly inhibits the development of pre-implantation embryos. It seems that reduction in NO production in diabetes is due to decreases in amount of available L-arginine, because increase in L-arginine concentration in high glucose media up to 10 mM partially improves high glucose embryo toxicity. Base on acquired result, it seems use of L-arginine or material which cause NO release in media, can have important role in prevention of high glucosis embryo toxicity