Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Role in Regeneration of Cleft Alveolus in Dogs

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ATMSCs) compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on the regeneration of surgically createdcleft alveolus in dogs. Methods: Split mouth experimental study was performed on twelve healthy mongrel dogs. The dogswere divided into two groups (A and B): Ingroup A, the surgically created alveolus was transplanted with AT-MSCs,scaffold and growth factors at the experimental side (right side of the maxilla). Ingroup B, the surgically created alveoluswas transplanted with BM-MSCs, scaffold and growth factors at the experimental side (right side of the maxilla). In thecontrol side (left side of the maxilla), the surgically created alveolus was transplanted with scaffold and growth factors only.The flaps were replaced and sutured with resorbable sutures. Bone regeneration was evaluated clinically andradiographically after 1.5 and 3 months following dogs’ scarification. The data were evaluated with descriptive and t-testmethods (p=0.05). Results: Stem cells whether AT-MSCs or BM-MSCs accelerate the healing and regeneration of thedefected area by increasing the bone width and surface area; providing the bone quantity and quality as early as 1.5 and 3months. Conclusions: AT-MSCs and BM-MSCs are attractive tools in bone regeneration. AT-MSCs in experimental studiesshowed that their effectiveness is comparable to BM-MSCs, in addition to its low cost, ease of harvesting and saferprocedure to obtain stem cells as well as less risk of infection.

Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus Antibodies among pregnant women and it's correlation with spontaneous abortion in Khartoum state

Cytomegalovirus is a common virus that infects most people at some time during their lives. It becomes dormant for a while and may reactivate later. In pregnant women, intrauterine infection may be associated with congenital abnormalities, intrauterine growth retardation and intrauterine death of the fetus as well as late sequelae such as developmental delay, blindness and congenital deafness. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of CMV infection among women presenting with spontaneous abortion to major hospitals in Khartoum State and to find out the correlation between CMV infection and spontaneous abortion in the group under study. In this study a total of 180 spontaneously aborted females, and 80 normally delivered females [control] were included. Three mls of venous blood were collected from each subject under study in a plain container allowed to clot and after clot retraction centrifuged at 4000rpm. The sera were then separated and stored at -20c[degree] in a deep freezer. The stored sera were tested for CMV IgG and IgM antibodies using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay [BIOTECH - ENGLAND]. In the case group, 176 [97.8%] women were positive for Anti-CMV IgG and 69 [38.3%] for Anti-CMV IgM. The CMV antibodies significantly co related with increasing age [P-value = - 0.0185], the number of abortion [P-value = -0.0177] and congenital malformation in children [P value= 0.037]. Seroprevalence of CMV antibodies was found to be 97.8% and 38.3% for IgG and IgM respectively. There was significant association between CMV infection and frequency of abortion, age and congenital malformation in children

Effect of estrogen and N-acetyl cystein on bone remodeling and bone cytokine osteoprotegrin in ovarectomized rats

Osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic bone diseases which is characterized by loss of bone mass and predominantly affects menopausal women due to the loss of estrogen. Although the link between estrogen deficiency and bone loss is well established, the mechanisms through which estrogen deficiency stimulates bone resorption and impairs bone formation remain controversial. Estrogen deficiency may lead to osteoporosis by decreasing the production of osteoprotegrin [OPG], one of the important local regulators of bone turnover or by down regulating antioxidant pathways. We investigated the impact of estrogen deficiency [induced by ovariectomy] on bone cytokine osteoprotegerin and the process of bone remodeling. Also, we compared between the effect of estrogen replacement therapy and thiol antioxidant [NAC] supplementation in the protection against bone loss produced by estrogen deficiency. This study was carried out on fourty female Wistar rats, and divided into two main groups: normal control rats [n=10] and ovariectomized rats [n=30]. The control group was sham operated and received a weekly subcutaneous injection of a vehicle [100 micro L sesame oil]. The ovarectomized group was subjected to ovariectomy and was further subdivided into 3 subgroups; a non-treated group, 17-beta estradiol injected group and N- acetyl cystein [NAC] injected group. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected from all experimental rats for measuring: serum alkaline phosphatase, serum osteocalcin and serum estradiol. Urine samples were also collected for measuring: urine hydroxyproline and urinary calcium excretion. After the rats were sacrificed, one femur from each rat was weighted and homogenized for the estimation of OPG content. In ovariectomized group there was a significant decrease in the serum estradiol level and a significant increase in markers of bone resorption [urinary hydroxyproline and urinary calcium excretion] with a significant but insufficient increase in the markers of bone formation [serum alkaline phosphatase as well as serum osteocalcin] which cause a state of negative remodeling balance. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in bone OPG level as compared to the normal control group. All these effects were reversed in the 17-beta estradiol treated ovariectomized group. In addition, the markers of bone resorption and formation, as well as the OPG level were corrected after administration of NAC in ovariectomized rats. Estrogen deficiency can lead to osteoporosis through reduction of OPG level and increasing in the reactive oxygen species [ROS]. 17-beta estradiol administration leads to increased concentrations of OPG, which inhibits osteoclastogenesis. Also administration of NAC prevents the occurrence of high bone turnover in ovariectomized rats. This effect was suggested to be due to either increase the levels of SOD and GPx which are known to be decreased in ovariectomized rats or through the increased level of OPG by unknown signaling mechanism. Thus it is suggested that NAC can be used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women either alone or in combination with small doses of estrogen

Redescription of some monogenean parasites belonging to family: Ancyrocephalidae, bychowsky, 1937

Gills of 782 fish samples collected from the Suez Gulf Red Sea were examined for monogenean parasites. Four species of monogenean parasites belonging to family; Ancyrophalidae, were recorded. Pseudohaliotrematoids polymorphus eilaticus, and Pseudohaliotrema plectocirra from siganus reviulatus, Ancyrophalus atherinae, from Letherinus elongates and L. variegates and Haliotrema austral, from sclopsis ghanum

Possible neuroprotective effect of some drugs modulating Nitric Oxide apoptotic pathway in L-2 chloropropionic acid-induced neuronal injury in rats

There is a recent evidence supporting that neuronal injury may be dependent upon the generation of the free radical nitric oxide [NO] with the subsequent induction of programmed cell death [apoptosis]. The aim of the present study was to assess the contribution of NO and the possible neuroprotective effect of two drugs modulating NO-apoptotic pathway, namely minocycline and ebselen, in L-2 chloropropionic acid [L-CPA] -induced neuronal injury in the rat. The present study was conducted on 40 male albino rats that were divided into: Group I; normal rats that served as control Group II; rats in which cerebellar neuronal injury was induced by L-CPA, Groups III and IV; rats with L-CPA -induced neuronal injury that received minocycline and ebselen respectively for 2 days starting half an hour before dosing with L-CPA. Forty-eight hours following L-CPA administration, signs characteristic of cerebellar ataxia, including hind limb weakness and abnormal gait were recorded, The ability of the rat to lift [retract] its hindlimbs was measured. Rats were then exsanguinated, cerebellum isolated for the determination of cerebellar: Nitric oxide synthase [NOS] activity, caspase-3 activity as an index of apoptosis, sodium concentration as a measure of cerebellar edema and glutamate concentration as a marker for cerebellar granule cell necrosis. The results of the present study demonstrated a significant increase in: the time taken by rats to retract hindlimbs, cerebellar NOS and caspase-3 activities as well as in sodium concentration, in group II compared to group I. A significant decrease in cerebellar glutamate concentration could be observed in group II compared to group I. Treatment with minocycline and ebselen resulted in significant decrease in cerebellar NOS activity and active caspase-3 and sodium concentrations together with a significant increase in cerebellar glutamate concentration compared to non-treated rats receiving L-CPA. In conclusion, the present work demonstrated that neuronal injury, induced by L-CPA, is associated with increased NOS activity resulting in increased NO production, which has been suggested to play a role in the mediation of that injury. We demonstrated that drugs that reduce the activity of NOS and caspases, like minocycline and ebselen are capable of blocking neurotoxicity. These results provide an experimental rationale for the evaluation of the role of NO-apoptotic pathway and the possible therapeutic potential of minocycline and ebselen in human neurological disorders

Study of the mechanism underlying the prokinetic action of erythromycin on lower esophageal sphincter pressure in dogs

Erythromycin [EM] and a number of its derivatives exhibit prokinetic properties. In particular, the drug increases the contractile activity of smooth muscles of esophagus and promotes gastric emptying in both health and disease. The drug enhances esophageal and gastric motility by acting as a motilin agonist. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of low dose of EM, as a prokinetic agent, on the lower esophageal sphincter pressure [LESP] and to study the receptors involved in the mediation of the prokinetic action of EM. The study was carried out on 30 adult healthy dogs [10-15 kg] divided into five groups, each group consisted of 6 dogs. The studied groups were: I: a control group [placebo treated], II: an erythromycin treated group [EM gp] [7 mg/kg b.w. by i.v.i], and three groups III, IV, V that were treated with EM [7 mg/kg b.w. i.v.L preceded by either atropine [a muscarinic blocker] in a dose of 40 micro ag/kg b.w. i.v.i., ondansetrone [5 HT3 antagonist] in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg b.w. i.v.i or metoclopramide [dopamine receptor type 2 antagonist] in a dose of 150 micro g/kg b.w. i.v.i. respectively. After an over night fasting, basal recording of LESP was carried out in each group by an esophageal manometer connected to a pressure transducer. LESP was recorded for all animals in all groups fifteen minutes after the end of the predescribed treatments. Data obtained showed that EM significantly increased the resting LESP. Pretreatment with either atropine or ondansetrone totally prevented the increase in LESP induced by EM. However, pretreatment with metoclopramide failed to prevent the increase in LESP induced by EM. The findings suggest that EM in a low, subantimicrobial dose has a prokinetic action on the lower esophageal sphincter. It was found that this prokinetic action is exerted most probably by stimulating cholinergic pathway and strongly suggested that 5 HT3 receptors are involved in this process. Meanwhile, the dopaminergic receptors seem to have no role in the mediation of this prokinetic action of EM. It is hoped that this prokinetic action of EM could be of a particular benefit in the improvement of GIT motility disorders. However this warrants further investigation to help more understanding of cellular mechanisms regarding that effect of EM

Relocation of the mental nerve in fenestrated mucosal flap vestibuloplasty

Candidates for this study were four patients complaining of pain and numbness during eating. The pain is due to the instability of the lower denture and flat lower ridge. The numbness is due to the pressure performed from the base of the lower denture to the area of the mental nerve. All patients were subjected to fenestrated mucosal flap vestibuloplasty with relocation or transpositioning of the mental nerve to a lower position, so that, the pressure performed by the denture base will be away from the mental nerve. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia in the outpatient clinic

effect of actinomycin [D] on healing of extraction stocket, clinico-experimental study

Administration of actinomycin "D" one or two weeks before extraction leads to retardation of healing. In general, the retardation of healing is even tolerable if compared with cancer chemotherapy as life saving measure or even effective treatment for the patient. However, it was recommended that patients undergoing chemotherapy should be seen by the oral surgeon before starting chemotherapeutic treatment for dental services and if possible, it is advisable to postpond the chemotherapy for at least 7 to 10 days after the extraction to allow primary epithelialization of the wound

Serum tumor necrosis factor- alpha, interleukin-6 and vitamin D therapy in acute renal failure in rats

The aim of this study is to show the relation between the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and acute renalfailure, also the effect of Vit D3 therapy on the level of these cytokines 30 male rats were used. They were subdivided into 2 groups: group 1: 10 rats as controls, Group II was subdivided into 2 subgroups: Group II A: 10 rats with gentamicin model of acute renal failure, Group II B: 10 rats received vit D3 [450 IU/Kg/d] orally for one month prior to induction of renal failure as in group II A. The following parameters were measured: Creatinine clearance, urea concentration, urinary albumin, serum TNF - alpha and serum IL - 6 levels. TNF-alpha and IL - 6 were elevated in rats with acute renal failure. vit D3 therapy, resulted in reduction of their levels. TNF-alpha and IL-6 could he implicated in this model of acute renal failure. Vit D[3] can produce significant change in the level of these cytokines. TNF-alpha antagonists holds promise for the treatment and prevention of acute renal failure

Diagnosis and treatment of hypomobile tempromandibular joint

This study was done on 12 patients, their age ranged from 17 to 35 years [average 26 years]. Surgical disc repositioning was performed by suspension of the disc on the root of zygoma using nylon zero sutures, through a hole drilled in this bone. By the end of the postoperative follow up, severe pain was reported only by one patient [8.3%]. There was an improvement of the functional range of mouth opening in all the patients. Postoperative plain X-rays showed no bony changes, while postoperative arthrograms were not conclusive

Pathologic and ultrastructure characterization of two different strains of schistosoma mansoni

This study was performed on albino mice infected with both Egyptian and Saudi Schistosoma mansoni strains to investigate the characteristic differences between them. It was found that at the 8th week post-infection, the highest amount of egg deposition and granuloma formation was present in the liver of infected mice with the Egyptian strain, while it was highest in the small intestine of those infected with the Saudi strain, followed by the liver and the large intestine. Although no prominent histopathologic differences were detected in the cellular and tissue reactions in the resulting granulomata surrounding eggs, yet marked differences were observed in the surface topography of the tegument and distribution of papillae, pattern of ridges, microvilli and spines of both strains. These differences were more pronounced in males

Effect of chronic lead exposure on functions and urinary excretion of some essential metals in rats

The present study was carried out on 20 male albino rats [lead exposed group and control group each of 10 rats]. Creatinine clearance, serum uric acid, serum glucose, urinary excretion of zinc, iron, copper, uric acid and serum glucose levels, also increased urinary excretion of the essential elements. It can be concluded that lead nephropathy can be related to impaired metabolism and diverse function of not only calcium but also other cations as zinc, iron, copper and magnesium

effect of oral sultamicillin on subgingival microflora

The dark field microscopy was used to study the effect of oral sultamicillin on subgingival microflora. Twelve patients were subjected to scaling for one side and the other side left without scaling. Bacterial samples were obtained from both sides before sultamicillin therapy at zero time and at 2 and 4 weeks after sultamicillin therapy. The bacterial samples, were investigated using dark field microscopy for identification and counting. There was a significant eradication in all bacterial cell count for both sides compared with the initial count. The most significant eradication was in motile rods followed by spirochetes. Microbiologically, sultamicillin therapy can affect the subgingival microflora quantitatively and qualitatively

Biochemical and clinical assessment of gestational edema, proteinuria and hypertension in Egyptian women

For Egyptian women with gestational edema-proteinuria hypertension [EPH-gestosis], the assessment of biochemical parameters in blood reflecting volume homoeostasis [aldosterone, renin], endothelial cell damage [fibronectin, copper] and antioxidant capacity [ceruloplasmin, superoxide dismutase, urate] were related to parameters of platelet activation [B-thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4] and those of coagulation [thrombin-antithrombin complex]. The attained data were discussed in relation to severity of condition interpreting an association between the index of hemoconcentration, increased oxidative stress and endothelial cell damage. In consequence platelet activation and thrombotic tendency was predictable. In conclusion, such parameters have validated their use for diagnostic purposes, thereby, by reflecting their significance in assessment of therapeutic approaches for limiting gravity of the condition

Detection of interleukin 8 and auto antibodies to interleukin 8 in the serum of patients with lichen planus

An enzyme linked immunosorbant assay ELISA was used to determine the serum concentration of interleukin 8 and auto antibodies to interleukin 8 in fifteen patients with oral lichen planus only, seven patients with oral and skin lichen planus as well as ten healthy control subjects. Interleukin 8 was detectable in the serum of eleven of fifteen patients with lichen planus and five of seven patients with oral and skin lichen planus but none of the healthy controls showed detectable serum interleukin 8. Significantly, elevated auto antibodies to interleukin 8 were detected in two patients groups. However, their values did not correlate significantly with clinical condition of the disease including affected side; distribution and the duration. The results of this work may [lend] support the role of immune mechanism in the etiopathogenesis of oral lichen planus