ABSTRACT
Sesame seed [sesarnum indicum L.] is one of the world's most important and oldest oilseed crops with a high level content of antioxidant known to human health. The antioxidant factors responsible for the stability of roasted sesame seeds is highly affected by the conditions of the roasting process. Survey of the roasting temperature and time effects on antioxidants and total phenolic content in Iranian sesame seeds was the aim of this investigation. Spectrophotometer methods based on folin-ciocalteau reagent for determination of total phenolic content [TPC] and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay [FRAP] technique for total antioxidant activity were used before and after different roasting processes. Some of 8 Iranian sesame seeds cultivares were studied [n = 160], including Branching Naz, Non Branching Naz, Dezful, Darab, Karaj, Moghan, Varamin and Black sesame.The range of FRAP values was between 0.301 +/- 0.029uM and 1.746 +/- 0.083 micro M in Moghan and Branching Naz seasem seed cultivares, respectively. The FRAP value increased from 0.974 +/- 0.095 micro M in unroasted Branching Naz as a control to 1.746 +/- 0.083 micro M after roasting in 200°C for 20min. Also TPCs increased significantly as the roasting temperature. The amount of TPC varied in different sesame cultivars from 20.109 +/- 3.967 n M to 129.300 +/- 3.493 JLI M in Varamin and Branching Naz sesame seed cultivares, respectively; also TPC increased from 70.953_5.863 ILI M in unroasted Branching Naz sesame seed as a control to 129.300 +/- 3.493 micro, M after roasting in 200°C for 20 min .Branching Naz seasem seed cultivare was at the highest level in total antioxidants and total phenolic contents in comparison to other samples; however Moghan and Varamin cultivares were at the lowest level in total antioxidants and total phenolic contents, respectively. The present study showed that Iranian sesame seed can be considered as a good source of natural antioxidant specially after roasting. The optimum temperature and time roasting to obtain the most antioxidants and total phenolic content was 200°C for 20 min
Subject(s)
Seeds , Heating , Antioxidants , PhenolABSTRACT
This study was aimed to examine the reliability of traffic noise estimate and measurement techniques in highways of Tehran, capital of Iran. The multiple regressions showed that the traffic flow and the distance from the effective source position are the most important factors to estimate the L10 [1h]. Traffic flow, traffic composition in terms of heavy vehicles and traffic speed are identified as the key factors influencing the generation of traffic noise. The new equations for estimating the noise descriptor L10 was calibrated on the basis of noise measurements. The effects of the key factors on L10 [1h] were examined by the sensitivity analysis and it was found that traffic flow, distance from the effective source position, traffic composition and traffic speed had the most sensitivity on traffic noise, respectively. The probability distribution for each of the key factors was derived with the use of the survey data. The reliability of the traffic noise estimates was obtained from the combined probability distribution of the key factors by Monte Carlo simulation method. This study showed that there was no significant difference between estimated noise by calibrated CoRTN calculation of road traffic noise and measured noise level. The reliability analysis gives the traffic noise estimates with a particular probability or vice versa