ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of inoculation of homo-fermentative lactic acid bacteria [LAB] on ensiling characteristics and nutritive value of low dry matter corn silage [LDMCS]. Corn forage was harvested at milk stage [22.8 +/- 0.9% DM], chopped at theoretical length of cut [TLC] 2.5 cm, and stored in eighteen 3.8 L mini silos for each treatment. The following treatments were used, 1] control [uninoculated], 2] ecosyl [treated with ecosylTM corn silage inoculants containing Lactobacillus plantarum], and 3] biotal [treated with biotalTM corn silage inoculants containing Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Propionibacter freudenreichii]. Triplicate silos for each treatment were opened and sampled for chemical analyses after 3, 6, 12, 16, 21 and 90 days of ensiling. Neither ecosyl nor biotal improved fermentation characteristics of LDMCS compared to the control silage. Neutral detergent fiber [NDF], acid detergent fiber [ADF], crude protein [CP], water soluble carbohydrate [WSC] contents and lactic acid [LA] concentration were not affected significantly by inoculants [P>0.05]. Acetic acid concentration of control silages was higher; however, ethanol concentration was lower than the other silages. Biotal treated silages had the highest ammonia-N [NH3-N] concentrations compared to the control [P<0.05]. In vitro dry matter disappearance [IVDMD] of control silage was higher than treated silages [P<0.05]. In conclusion, the results showed that homo-fermentative LAB inoculants used in this experiment did not improve the fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of LDMCS
ABSTRACT
Purpose: to evaluate the late concurrent ophthalmic and respiratory complications of mustard gas exposure in warfare patients in the department of medical consultations of Bonyade Janbazan of Iran
Methods: in this descriptive study, we evaluated 500 males patients aged 30 to 50 whose mustard gas injury period was more than 10 years. The complications were classified as mild, moderate and severe
Results: out of 500 patients, 48% were aged 30-35, 27.2% lived in a humid climate. Mustard gas exposure occurred once in 82.2%, twice in 12.2%, three times in 1.8%, and more than 3 times in 3.8% of the cases. They used ophthalmic, respiratory, and dermal medications in 77.2% and 99.2% had dermal complications. The degree of ophthalmic complications was mild in 80%, moderate in 13.2%, and severe in 6.8% and the degree of respiratory complications was mild in 69.2%, moderate in 19.8%, and severe in 11.6%. Late respiratory complications were significantly more than ophthalmic ones
Conclusion: late moderate and severe respiratory complications were more than common ophthalmic lesions, but mild late ophthalmic complications were more common than respiratory ones