[Histopathological examination of tonsillar tissue in 1250 children, Tabriz-Iran]

There is not a general protocol strategy about the necessity of routine microscopic examination of tonsillar samples in children. This study was conducted to determine the histopathological characteristic of tonsillar tissue in 1250 children, Tabriz-Iran. This descriptive study was conducted on 1250 children [724 male and 526 female] aged 2-14 years old who underwent tonsillectomy in Tabriz, Iran during 2008-11. Variables including age, sex, clinical diagnosis and surgical indications were recorded. Paraffin blocks were prepared from samples of tonsillectomy and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Histopathological results were categorized in four groups: Follicular hyperplasia, follicular hyperplasia with infection, malignancy and normal. None of the children had initial clinical suspicion of tonsil tumor. Patients' primary complaints were as follows: 92.5% mouth breathing, 93% nocturnal snoring, 74.3% recurrent and chronic cold and infections, 56.4% sore throat, 48.2% halitosis, 26% nocturnal apnea, 22.2% dysphasia, and 18.2% anorexia. Children with tonsillar hypertrophy and obstructive symptoms [57%], and tonsillar hypertrophy and recurrent infections [42.2%] underwent tonsillectomy. In the histopathological examination of all patients being hyperplasia together with lymphoid hypertrophy were observed and there was no evidence of malignancy in any of the patients. No instance of malignancy was found in the histopathological examination of children's tonsil-removed tissues and all of the tonsils had benign hyperplasia with lymphoid hypertrophy

-514C/T polymorphism of hepatic lipase gene among Iranian patients with Coronary Heart disease

The T allele of the hepatic lipase [HL] C-514T polymorphism was previously found to be associated with lower plasma HL activity. Here, we examined the association between this polymorphism and plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in patients with coronary arteries stenosis. We studied 342 subjects undergoing coronary angiography in two groups of non CAD [n=146] and CAD [n=196]. -514C->T polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism [PCR-RFLP]. After adjustment for age, smoking and body mass index, HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in men with the C/T and T/T genotype than those with the C/C genotype [mean 38.6 and 34.7 respectively P=0.01]. The frequency of T allele in non CAD was 0.136 and 0.226 in female and male respectively and 0.170 and 0.223 for female and male in CAD subjects. There was no difference in T allele frequency in CAD and none CAD groups in male and female [P=0.466 and 0.722 respectively]. -514C-"T of LIPC gene have a positive effect on HDL-C concentration especially in male gender. However, no difference was determined in frequency of T allele between CAD and normal arteries subjects

[Clinical evaluation of the effect of myrtle oil on the oral lesions of FMD in cattle]

Foot and Mouth Disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven - hoofed animals and has severe economic consequences. FMD causes painful sores and blisters on the feet, mouth and teats of animals. Clinical evaluation of Myrtle oil [Myrtus communis L.] caused by foot and mouth disease [FMD] in cattle. 76 cows and claves between one and five years of age and weight between 80 to 600 kg with clinical sing of FMD were randomly in two groups, receiving myrtle oil and control group. The data recorded during the three stages of clinical examination before treatment, second day and fourth day after treatment was performed. Results indicated that recovery of mouth lesion with myrtle oil was remarkable as compared with control group. This difference was very statistically significant in two stages after treatment [p<0/001]. Cases of oral lesions improved in the group treated with the oil in the second and fourth days, respectively, 80.9 and 93.6 percent and the rate control group were 20.6 and 58.6 percent, respectively. The result also indicated that amount of purulent-free secretion in myrtle oil group was 68.1 and 89.4 percent in the 2[nd] and fourth day respectively. The number was 48.3 and 62.1 percent for control group. The medication of myrtle oil on the wounds of FMD, causes mouth ulcers faster improvement and reduce discharge purulent

[Effect of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein I405V polymorphism on the lipid response to changes of dietary fatty acid composition]

Atherosclerosis results from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Free cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues and transferring to the liver for excretion from bile which is known as reverse cholesterol transfer [RCT] plays a central role in protection against atherosclerosis. HDL and cholesteryl ester transfer protein [CETP] are the major participants of RCT. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the cholesteryl ester transfer protein I405V polymorphism modifies the response to changes in the dietary ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat [P:S]. The population study included 85 healthy subjects with the different l405V genotypes [35 II, 36 IV, and 14 VV] who assigned to two consecutive 28 days experimental period. All subjects consumed a high polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA] diet with P:S of 1.2 for the first period and a high saturated fatty acids [SFA] diet with a P:S of 0.3 for the next 28 days period. At the first and the end of each dietary period, serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were measured. At beginning of screening, lipid or lipoprotein concentrations were not significantly different among CETP I405V genotype groups. After the high SFA diet, subjects carrying V allele had a greater reduction in apolipoprotein A-I [apoA-I] and HDL cholesterol [HDL-C] than subjects with II genotype. The CETP I405V polymorphism contributes to the unfavorable changes of apoA- I and HDL-C when a high PUFA diet were replaced with a high SFA diet

[Study of correlation of surface phospholipids fatty acid composition in high density lipoprotein with the severity of coronary artery disease after angiography]

Background and Objective: the phospholipids fatty acid content of high density lipoprotein [HDL] has recently been found to be related to several important biological functions which may serve as a risk factor for coronary artery disease [CAD]. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether fatty acid composition of HDL phospholipids correlates with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease

Materials and Methods: the study population included 117 patients with coronary artery disease which was approved by angiography. The severity of CAD was assessed by the number of arteries [1, 2 or 3] with more than 50% stenosis reported by angiography. The fatty acid composition of HDL phospholipids was determined by gas liquid chromatography. The independence of association between fatty acids and CAD were evaluated by multivariate analyses which included all of the variables associated with the severity of CAD in univariate analysis

Results: these analyses showed that the association of EPA [beta= 0.23, P<0.01] and DHA [beta= 0.17, P<0.05] with the severity of CAD was inversely and independently significant

Conclusion: some kinds of polyunsaturated HDL fatty acid contents such as EPA and DHA [omega-3 fatty acids] have adverse association with severity of CAD

[Anti candidal activity of echinophora platyloba against candida albicans and comparison with amphotricin]

Increasing usage of medical plants for medical treatment made for this branch of complementary medicine a unique place. This study evaluated the anti candidal activity of Echinophora platyloba extracts and amphotricin B against Candida albicans by micro broth dilution assay and Disc diffusion method. The synergism between amphotricin B and ethanolic extract of E. platyloba was assessed by micro broth dilution assay. Amphotricin B was diluted at concentration between 16-0.125 micro gram ml [-1]. Each tube contains 0.78 micro gram ml[-1] E. platyloba extract. The MIC and MBC of Amphotricin B was recorded. The MIC and MBC of ethanolic extract of E. platyloba and amphotricin B against C. albicans were 3125, 1560mg ml-1 and 2, 8mg ml-1 respectively. The MIC, MBC of amphotricin B decreased to 1, 2mg ml-1 when 0.78 micro gram ml[-1] of extract was added. Amphotricin B is a potent antifungal agent and MIC and MBC of E. platyloba is 780, 390 times less potent than amphotricin B, but usage the amphotricin B and E. platyloba extract in combination increased the potency of amphotricin B which shows a synergistic effect

Precipitation of fluticasone propionate microparticles using supercritical antisolvent

The ability of supercritical fluids [SCFs], such as carbon dioxide, to dissolve and expand or extract organic solvents and as result lower their solvation power, makes it possible the use of SCFs for the precipitation of solids from organic solutions. The process could be the injection of a solution of the substrate in an organic solvent into a vessel which is swept by a supercritical fluid. The aim of this study was to ascertain the feasibility of supercritical processing to prepare different particulate forms of fluticasone propionate [FP], and to evaluate the influence of different liquid solvents and precipitation temperatures on the morphology, size and crystal habit of particles. The solution of FP in organic solvents, was precipitated by supercritical carbon dioxide [SCCO[2]] at two pressure and temperature levels. Effects of process parameters on the physicochemical characteristics of harvested microparticles were evaluated. Particle formation was observed only at the lower selected pressure, whilst at the higher pressure, no precipitation of particles was occurred due to dissolution of FP in supercritical antisolvent. The micrographs of the produced particles showed different morphologies for FP obtained from different conditions. The results of thermal analysis of the resulted particles showed that changes in the processing conditions didn't influence thermal behavior of the precipitated particles. Evaluation of the effect of temperature on the size distribution of particles showed that increase in the temperature from 40 °C to 50 °C, resulted in reduction of the mean particle size from about 30 micro m to about 12 micro m. From the results of this study it may be concluded that, processing of FP by supercritical antisolvent could be an approach for production of diverse forms of the drug and drastic changes in the physical characteristics of microparticles could be achieved by changing the type of solvent and temperature of operation

[Investigation on two polymorphisms effective on HDL-C concentration in patients with coronary artery disease using restriction fragment length polymorphism]

High density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] is a known inverse predictor of coronary heart disease [CHD]. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein [CETP] and hepatic lipase [HL] are key proteins in HDL-C metabolism so that decreased CETP or HL activity is associated with high HDL-C. -629C/A polymorphism in promoter of CETP gene and-514C/T in promoter of HL gene were previously reported to reduce related protein level in plasma. In this study association of these polymorphisms with CHD related to HDL-C level were investigated. In this analytical-descriptive study 321 subjects underwent coronary angiography and divided in two groups base on angiogram [non CAD = 135 and CAD = 186]. Serum lipids profile was measured by standard procedure and genotype was detected using PCR-RFLP method. Overall the CETP genotype frequencies were in CAD patients: 58.8% [n=110], 28.9% [n=54] and 12.3% [n=23] and in non CAD patients: 45.2% [n=61], 41.5% [n=56] and 13.3% [n=18] for AA, CA and CC respectively. HL genotype frequencies were in CAD patients: 61.6% [n=114], 33.5% [n=62] and 4.9% [n=9] and in non CAD patients: 65.9% [n=89], 27.4% [n=37] and 6.7% [n=9] for CC, CT and TT respectively. In control group HDL-C concentration was higher for AA than CC genotype in -629C/A, and also for TT than CC genotype in -514C/T. Allele A in all subjects and T allele in woman were higher in CAD than non CAD group. A high increase in HDL-C level [10. mg/dl] was observed in individuals with CETP-AA/LIPC-TT and CETP-CA/LIPC-TT relative to CETP-CC/LIPC-CC across all subjects [P< 0.001] but there was no difference in CAD prevalence. Allele A from -629C/A, and T from -514C/T even with the increasing of HDL-C concentration had higher frequency in CAD than non CAD group. Therefore, it seems that HDL-C didn't protect coronary artery when CETP or HL activity was reduced by these polymorphisms

[Effect of vitrification and slow freezing on development of bovine cumulus oocytes complex]

Cryo-preservation is a suitable method for preservation and protection of genome, cells and embryo, especially in cases of endangered species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect two cryopreservation techniques on survival, maturation, fertilization and development of bovine cumulus oocyte complex [BCOC]. After aspiration of BCOC, they were cryo-preserved using slow freezing or vitrification. For slow freezing 1.5 M DMSO + 0.1M sucrose was used, while for vitrification 40% Ethelyenglycol + 18% V/W Ficol + 3 M sucrose + 105mg/ml BSA was used. After thaw percentage survival of BCOC were assessed using trypan blue vital staining, while percentage cleavage and development to 8-cell were taken as an index for BCOC maturation, fertilization rate and embryo development, respectively. The results showed no difference between the survival rate of BCOC in slow freezing [79%] and vitrification method [74.4]. However, the percentage of 2 and 8-cell embryos were significantly higher in the vitrification group as compared to slow freezing group. Although there is no difference between the survival rates of BCOC between the two procedures, however the maturation and development of BCOC is greater in the vitrification method, suggesting that this method preferred for cryo-preservation of BCOC