ABSTRACT
Characteristic property among Tehran offensive and non- offensive drivers using Cloninger, s treatment and Character Inventory questionnaire was studied. A cross- sectional study was carried out after coordinating with traffic police. 300 drivers: 150 offensive [drivers with more than ten penalty points and 150 non- offensive drivers with less than ten penalty points in one year prior were selected randomly. Data was collected using Cloninger, s treatment and Character Inventory standard questionnaire by trained experts in three different routes of Tehran. The average age was 20-34 years [82% male, 18% female]. Based on Cloninger,s treatment and Character Inventory standard questionnaire, a significant differences was observed in novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, self-directive ness, co- operation [p<0.001] and persistence [p<0.013] among offensive and non-offensive drivers. By one score increasing of novelty seeking the chance of to be offencer will be increased 4.5 times [OR= 4.520, p<0.007], in harm avoidance will be half [OR= 0.504, p<0.045] and in reward dependence will be one fourth [OR= 0.278, p<0.033]. Novelty seeking sub scale of Cloningers treatment and Character Inventory questionnaire was higher and harm avoidance and reward dependence was lower among offensive drivers.
ABSTRACT
Identifying factors which lead to academic achievement and impede academic failure, is of special importance. Some studies suggest that there is a direct relationship between self-esteem and educa-tional achievement however some experts doubt this direct relationship. This study was done to determine the correlation between academic achievement and self-esteem in rehabilitation students in Tehran Univer-sity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation. This research was a correlational study in which all bachelor rehabilitation students studying in the fields of occupational therapy, physiotherapy, or speech therapy in Tehran University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation [n=88] were included. Students' self-esteem was measured using Cooper Smith inventory containing 58 items and its relationship with students' final scores was assessed. Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a significant relationship between rehabilitation students' self-esteem and their educational status [r= 0.36], but academic achievement had no relationship with the educational field, semester, gender, marital status, and living place. Students with higher self-esteem had a better educational status compared with those who had lower self-esteem. Thus, it may be possible to promote educational status by improving self-esteem through appropriate methods
Subject(s)
Humans , Educational Status , Students , RehabilitationABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to explore the ideological and interpersonal identity statuses among adolescents in Tehran and to compare their identity styles and statuses. The study was a post-hoc descriptive cross-sectional. Four hundred sixty-seven adolescents [235 girls and 232 boys] were selected from four schooling regions in Tehran by cluster sampling. The subjects were doing third grade high school or pre-university courses. They were assessed using the questionnaires 'Ego Identity Process' and 'Identity Style'. Data were processed by the chi-square test and ANOVA. The findings of this study revealed that, regarding ideological and interpersonal identity status, Tehrani adolescents were mainly in the moratorium phase with smaller part of them being in the identity achievement phase. There was a significant difference in the identity statuses of boys and girls. There was also a significant relationship between the identity styles and identity statuses. The diffuse-avoidant style was highly associated to the undifferentiated status; the normative style was related to foreclosure; and the informational style was closely related to the identity achievement status. Tehrani adolescents were less at the identity achievement status or informational style