[ patient's satisfaction and understanding from received trainings in hospitals of Gonabad university of medical sciences]

Introduction: Training to patient is one of the essential principles in taking care of patient. Nurses have to do their training role, for providing patient satisfaction, increasing gaining in health and reducing recon fining to bed. So this research has done with the aim of examination of Patient's satisfaction and understanding from received training in hospitals Gonabad university of medical sciences

Method: This is a cross sectional study done on Quota samples [384] the patient on discharge from Gonabad hospitals. Data collected by a questionnaire that they compiled just for this purpose and they were reliable and confidant scientifically. They analyzed by means of SPSS software version 16 and ways of descriptive and analytic statistics at the significant level P<0.05

Results: The most training function of therapy staff was in pharmaceutical therapy and following therapy after discharging from hospital. The least trainings were about type and quality of diet, prevention of disease and quality of doing religious duties. Also the average and standard deviation of satisfaction from training function of physicians and nurses were 33.42 +/- 6.04 and 32.6 +/- 5.37 orderly and this difference was significant statistically [P=0.001]. There were a significant relation between sex and score of satisfaction that women have more satisfaction than men [P=0.001]

Conclusion: Trainings and Patient's satisfaction regarding these trainings, in all of domains, isn't suitable. Therefore, greater emphasis on education to patients and their satisfaction particularly in relation to type and quality of diet is necessary. Education about the prognosis and process of the disease and doing religious duties is more recommended

[Prevalence of hepatitis C amongst beta-thalassemia patients in gilan and mazandaran provinces, 2011]

Beta-thalassemia patients have a high prevalence for hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection. In developing countries, HCV antibody is reported to be high in this group of patients. This study aims to determine the distribution of HCV amongst beta-thalassemia patients in northern Iran. This study was undertaken from October 2010 to June 2011 on 245 beta-thalassemia patients who referred to hospitals in Mazandaran and Gilan Provinces for blood transfusions. The presence of HCV antibodies in their plasma was measured by ELISA and viral genome was determined by Nested-PCR. SPSS software and the chi-square test were used for statistical analyses. Of the 245 beta-thalassemia patients, 46 [18.8%] were identified by ELISA to have HCV antibodies. Of these, 28 [11.4%] were positive for the viral genome. Overall, this study demonstrated a significant relationship between age, social background, dental work history and foreign travel with viral prevalence. The prevalence of HCV in this study group is reported at 11.4%. In comparison to its prevalence in the society as a whole, less than 1% is quite high. For this reason, utilizing a more proper screening system is essential

Microbial Quality of Hand-Made Fresh Fruit Juice in Bandar Abbas Shopping Centers, Iran

Fresh fruit juice is one of the best drinks which contains minerals and vitamins besides its appealing nature as a good source of water. Whoever does the microbial quality of fresh fruit juice not meet the standard level, it can play a large part in food transmission diseases. In this cross-sectional study, all of 58 fruit juice. The Samples were then tested for total Coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, yeasts and molds. The results obtained showed that 142 case out of 146 samples were contaminated by microorganisims. All of Carrot and mango juices were contaminated, The mean contamination rate of Coliform bacteria, Mesophilic bacteria, Escherichia coli and yeasts in samples were detected as 86.2, 53.2, 57 and 56.6 percents respectively. 97.3 percents of samples did not have a good microbial quality for human consumption. If consumption of fresh fruit juices will cause the consumer at risk of food borne diseases, all the natural benefits of them in terms of richness in minerals and vitamins will waste.Therefore it can be concluded that the natural benefits of fresh fruit juice would be under question due to their low level microbial quality which move people to the high risk of food born diseases

[ effect of low power laser in the treatment of the lateral epicondylitis of elbow]

Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow is the most common contractile lesion of the elbow. It causes inflamation and pain at the origin of the wrist extensors muscles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low power laser on the treatment of lateral epicondylitis of elbow. This double blinded clinical trial study was conducted in Fattemieh physiotherapy clinic of Rafsanjan. Fifty patients who were suffering from lateral epicondylitis of elbow were divided into two equal groups, randomly. One group received laser treatment and the other group was treated by placcbo. Intensity of local pain, radicular pain, sensitivity to palpation and grip strength were assessed in 1st, 5th and 10th sessions. Pain intensity and using grip strength were evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale and dynamometer respectively. Data were analysed using ANOVA, tuoky and chi-squire tests. Results showed that laser has been effective in reduction of local pain and in increasing of grip strength of lateral epicondylitis of elbow [p<0.0001]. In 10th session, chi-squre test result revealed that low power laser can be effective in reduction of redicular pain and sensitivity to palpation of lateral epicondylitis of elbow [p<0.0001]. This can be concluded that after 10th session, laser can be effective on reduction of local and redicular pain, improving of sensitivity to palpation and increasing of grip strength of lateral epicondylitis of elbow

[Investigation of International Pain Management Standards and Suggestion of Appropriate Standard for Iran in 2005]

There should be a simple, standard, dynamic and scientific method for improving the quality of services in every organization and all of the employees should be trained about it. A standard method first helps to learn based on practice, and second, as a common language. It simplifis cooperation, makes harmony between people and teams and provides the background of creativity and innovation. Pain management standardization has several advantages. It helps appropriate treatment of pain resulting in faster clinical recovery, shorter admission days and better quality of life. Pain management standardization is a common and unique language cousing a unison in works and correct circulation of information and preventing waste of time. This research is a triangulation study conducted based on Delphi method in 2005. The research samples, in the first stage, included 14 and in the second stage, 40 nursing faculty members who were instructors of nursing department with master's and Ph.D degrees. In this research, in the stage, pain management standards were extracted by searchin in the Intenet, valid nursing textbooks and through consulting with the instructors. In the second stage, these standards were sent for 14 nursing faculty members of Shiraz, Isfahan and Yasouj universities in the of a questionnaire with open ended questions to collct their opinions. Then according to the colleced data from second stage of the research, a new questionnaire was made. In the third stage, the questionnaire was sent for 40 nursing faculty memers of Shiraz, Isfahan, Iran, Tehran, Shahid beheshti, Masshad and Yasouj universities to collect their opinions and in the forth stage, analysis of the answers of the nursing faculty members was done. The findings of this study included two distinct areas and 88 suggested standards. The first area, assessments of pain, included 35 standards and the second area, standards with 90% consensus including 14 items in the area of assessment and implementation of pain have been suggested to decrease the number of standards in order to increase the probability of the executive power of them. Pain management suggested standards made by this study are 88 items. It is hoped that these suggested Pain management standards can promote the quality of pan management, improve the quality of hospital services and increase patients' statisfaction

[Patients' viewpoints concerning post surgical pain management]

Pain is one of the most usual facts and events in human's life. It has been one of the main concerns of human in his life so that he has always tried to diagnose and manage that. Knowing about, fighting with it, treating and relieving it are among the key responsibilities of health car staffs. They should screen patients, evaluate their pain and tread them appropriately. This study has tried to define patients' viewpoints concerning the assessment, management and evaluation concerning pain management. This is a descriptive study. There were 100 subjects selected through convenient sampling in Isfahan Medical University hospital. The data were collected by a questionnaire and analysed through SPSS soffware. The findings showed that 92% of the patients were in pain after surgery, 81% nedded pain killers to relieve their pain of whom 80% had their pain relieved. The findings also reported 85% of the patients were satisfied with their given services concerning pain management. Meanwhile, 15% were dissatisfied with the services. Although, based on the findings of the research, post surgical pain had been managed and relieved, it had not been assessed and evaluated well after management, reported by the subjects