Influence of yerba mate tea [llex paraguariensis] in improving some lipolytic enzymes of high-fat-diet-induced obese rats

The present study aimed to evaluate tea beverage prepared from dried wirba mate leaves [ llex paraguariensis] for its acceptability, identify and quantify its polyphenolic compounds, and its effects on obese rats. Tea prepared from yerba mate dried leaves was acceptable. The ethanolic extract of mate tea showed that, chlorogenic acid was the main phenolic compound followed by caffeine, caffeic acid and the most important flavonoids was rotin, kamferol and quercetin have been identified and quantified using HPLC technique. Thirty five mature male rats weighted [160 +/- 5 g] were randomly divided into two main groups. Group 1 [n=7] rats was fed on basal diet and kept as negative control [-ve] while, rats of the second main group [28 rats] were fed on a high fat diet containing 45% fat for 4 weeks to induce obesity, then divided into 4 sub groups [ 7 rats each], sub group [1] was left as positive control [+ve] and subgroup [2], [3] and [4] were orally given yerba mate extract [ 1.2 and 3 ml/100 gb.wt], twice daily for 8 weeks respectively. The rats were weighted; weight gains and feed efficiency ratios were calculated. At the end of experiment, all rats were sacrificed and adipose index was calculated. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis of lipid profile, phospholipids, hepatorenal functions, and estimation of serum levels of glucose, insulin, leptin and malondialdehyde [MDA], reduced glutathione [ GSH] as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPX], catalase [CAT] and pancreatic lipase were measured as well as histopathology of liver was done. The results showed that daily administration of yerba mate tea to obese rats significantly decreased weight gain [BWG%], daily food intake [FI] and [FER], adipose index, serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-c, VLDL-c, phospholipids, glucose, leptin level, AST, ALT, ALP, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid concentration, [MDA] and caused an inhibition to pancreatic lipase while an increase in the level of HDL-c, insulin level, reduced glutathione [GSH] content and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes [SOD, GPX, CAT] compared with that of the positive control. As well, it alleviated the histopathological changes which seen in liver of obese rats. In conclusion, intake of yerba mate tea may benefit patients who suffer from hyperlipidemia

Urinary continence after orthotopic urinary diversion

To assess, in a retrospective study, urinary continence after radical cystectomy and orthotopic urinary diversion using two types of neobladder [sigmoid and ileal neobladder] at the Urology Department of Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. Over an 8-year period, radical cystectomy followed by orthotopic urinary diversion in the form of W-ileal or sigmoid neobladder was performed in 223 patients with invasive bladder carcinoma. Only 150 patients who survived for one year after surgery were included in this study. The voiding pattern, diurnal and nocturnal frequency of micturition and the continence rates were evaluated subjectively and objectively. Urodynamic assessment was done for 70 continent patients and all patients with diurnal and nocturnal incontinence. The mean follow-up was 23 +/- 3 [range 12-43] months. A sigmoid neobladder was created in 92 [61.3%] and a W-ileal neobladder in 58 [38.7%] patients. Diurnal continence was experienced by 87 patients [94.6%] and 54 patients [93.1%] with sigmoid and W-ileal pouches, respectively. The overall rate of nocturnal enuresis was 34.7% [52 patients]; 20.7% [31 patients] after sigmoid pouch and 14% [21 patients] after W-ileal pouch. Both sigmoid and W-ileal pouch provide good diurnal and satisfactory nocturnal continence rates. As for urinary continence, no significant difference between the two types of neobladder was detected clinically or by urodynamic studies

Ultrasound guided drainage of symptomatic benign renal cysts: value of ethanol injection

Seventy patients with symptomatic simple renal cysts were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 41 [30-70] years. They were managed either by ultrasound guided drainage mono-therapy [40 patients, group A] or drainage with single injection of ethyl alcohol [97%] concentration [30 patients, group B]. All patients were followed up with abdominal ultra-sonography at monthly intervals in the first three months, then every three months for the next 18 months. Complete disappearance of renal cysts was achieved in 24 patients of group A and in 26 patients of group B. It was concluded that ultrasound guided drainage of symptomatic simple renal cysts is attractive minimally invasive procedure. The injection of sclerosing agent as ethyl alcohol after drainage improved the outcome and reduced the recurrence rate

Substituent effect of some amino acids an electrowinning of copper

The effect of 5 amino acids on the rate of electrowinning of copper from acidified CuSO[4]was studied under natural convection condition. These compounds were found to decrease the rate of copper deposition as represented by the limiting current. It is deduced that, the magnitude of decrease in the limiting current depends both on concentration of amino acids and their molecular structure

Diathermy hemostasis versus ligatures of the bleeding points at tonsillectomy

This study included 90 inpatients in E.N.T. Department of Banha University Hospital. Tonsillectomy by dissection under general anesthesia had been performed for these patients using diathermy hemostasis for the right tonsils and ligatures of the bleeding points for the left side. The study concluded that the diathermy hemostasis is time-saving procedure while there was no difference as regards, blood loss and postoperative pain and postoperative hemorrhage

Kinetics of hemolytic dehydrogenation by chloranil

1-Phenylsemicarbazide is dehydrogenated to phenylazoformamide by chloranil in dioxane medium. The reaction obeys second order rate laws [first order with respect to each reactant]. Unlike the dehydrogenation in alcohol and alcohol water media, no semiquinone radical anion was observed during the progress of the reaction. Furthermore, the positive entropy of activation [delta S[number sign] = 7.0 + 0.5 J.K[-1]. Mol[-1]] suggests that the dehydrogenation proceeds by a homolytic mechanism in which abstraction of hydrogen atom by chloranil gave tetrachloroquinol radical in a slow step, followed by a fast abstraction of hydrogen atom

Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of 1-phenylsemicarbazide by hexacyanoferrate [III] ion in aqueous acid solution

Kinetics of the oxidation of 1-phenylsemicarbazide by hexacyanoferrate [III] ions has been investigated by stopped-flow technique as a function of reactants concentrations, temperature, ionic strength and pH. The redox reaction is first order with respect to hexacyanoferrate [III]. The depence of K[obs] on phenylsemicarbazide concentration [C[PSC]] is given by K[obs]=Y+XC[PSC] where Y is constant and X depends on hydrogen ion concentration. A detailed mechanism was proposed to explain these results. It was concluded that Fe [CN] 3-/6 and HFe [CN] 2-/6 are the reactive oxidizing species

Thermodynamic studies on some aqueous-amides

The thermodynamic dissociation constant of p-nitro-anilinium ion pK[BH][+], was calculated in aqueous, -formamide, -acetamide and -propionamide solvent, it was found that the order of basicity of such mixtures is in agreement with the electron availability at the oxygen atom of the amide molecule. The calculated values of the free energy of transfer indicate that, the addition of the amide increases the basicity of water molecules. The equilibrium constant K'[b]of the equilibrium, H[3] O[+] [amide] [amide]. H[+] +H[2]O, is calculated which indicates that the basicity increases in the order formamide < acetamide < propionamide. The free energies of transfer delta Gt[0] [H+], of the solvated proton, from water to aqueous amide show that propionamide has a higher ability to replace a water molecule in the aquo-proton than formamide