[Predictor factors of sleep problems in school-age children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity]

Introduction: Assertiveness, is one of the life skills that effects on increasing self-esteem, logical expression of thoughts and feelings, reducing anxiety, improving social communication skills and supporting human rights and finally increasing life satisfaction and happiness

Objective: This study aimed to determine effects of Gestalt therapy on assertiveness of nursing students

Methods: The pilot of study is situated on clinical trial research experiment, for two groups before and after intervention. Among 80 nursing students enrolled in Nursing and Midwifery school of Islamic Azad University Najaf Abad in 2013-2014 who trained in the field, all those who had poor expression were 36 subjects which measured with Adolescence Self-Assertiveness [ASA] scale and 24 subjects who want to enter to the research were separated randomly into experimental and control group. Experimental group consisting of Gestalt therapy, two-hours per session for 8 weeks, were trained. The control group did not receive the interventions. Therefore data analysis performed using the mean scores, paired t- test and intervention

Results: In experimental group, the mean scores of assertiveness after intervention increased significantly [P<0/001]. The mean scores of assertiveness of the control group showed no increase significantly [p=0/4]. Comparison between mean score of assertiveness after and before of intervention in experimental group with control group was significant [p<0/005]

Conclusion: Gestalt therapy is effective on increasing of assertiveness. Thus, according to the results of this research, it may suggest that the methods of psychotherapy could be useful for ineffective components within enactment beliefs

Immunohistochemical detection and ultrastructure of myofibroblasts in the stroma of odontogenic cysts and ameloblastoma

Immunohistochemical phenotype, distribution and significance of proliferation of myofibroblasts [alpha SMA positive cells] with evaluation of ultrastructure, in dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst and ameloblastoma were analyzed. The study included paraffin embedded blocks of ameloblastoma [n=22], odontogenic keratocyst [n=20], and dentigerous cyst [n = 18]. The expression of alpha SMA was determined by immunohistochemically stained section. The percentage of positive cells was calculated from a minimum of 1000 cells and H-score was expressed [% positive cells x intensity of staining]. For transmission electron microscopy, fresh specimens were obtained from three patients and were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde. The presence of cells with the ultrastructural characteristics of the myofibroblast was recorded. The mean number of positive cells in the three groups was significantly different. The difference between odontogenic keratocyst and dentigerous cyst and also the difference between dentigerous cyst and ameloblastoma were not statistically significant. The mean number of positive cells in the odontogenic keratocyst was significantly higher than that in ameloblastoma. In ultra-structural evaluation, myofibroblasts exhibited abundant cytoplasmic microfilaments, basal lamina-like material, subsurface caveolae, pinocytic vesicles, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondries. The high frequency of stromal myofibroblast in the odontogenic keratocyst implies that myofibroblast can contribute to aggressive nature of this cyst, but between odontogenic cysts and ameloblastoma, the presence of stromal myofibroblast has no correlation with invasiveness

EBV infection of esophageal cancer tissue as determined by pcr

The Epstein-Barr Virus [EBV] belongs to the genus lymphocrypto-virus and subfamily gamma-herpesvirinae. This virus infects the lymphocytes of primates and causes a latent infection in the B lymphocytes of these animals in vitro and in vivo. It also infects epithelial cells which are permissive for virus replication. A correlation between infection with EBV and Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma has long been known to exist, although the role of the virus in these cancers is not well understood. A less clear correlation between infection and other cancers, including cancer of the esophagus, has also been reported. Given the high incidence of cancer of the esophagus in Iran, we set out to study the level of infection with this virus in Iranians afflicted with the cancer. For detection of the virus, we performed half-nested PCR reactions using primers complementary to a well preserved region of the EBV virus genome. DNA extracted from LCLPI 4 cells, which is a B lymphocyte cell line infected with EBV, acted as positive control. The length of the product of first PCR reaction was 168 bp and of the second reaction 121 bp, which are the expected lengths. Our samples were DNA extracted from mounted tissue sections of the esophagus or unmounted sections cut from paraffin blocks. Both types of samples were obtained from the archives of the pathology department of a national hospital. Thirty-four squamous cell carcinoma, 8 adenocarcinoma and 29 esophagitis samples were tested. DNA from 28,7 and 26, respectively, of these sample groups, corresponding with 86% of all the samples, served effectively as template in the PCR reactions. Twelve [42.8%], 3[42.8%] and 11[42.3%] of the effective squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and esophagitis samples, respectively, were EBV positive as established by the PCR technique. Only one of eleven normal esophageal sections was positive [9.1%]. Tentatively, there appears to be a correlation between EBV infection of esophageal tissue and abnormalities of the esophagus