[Color stability of three composite resins following accelerated artificial aging: an in-vitro study]

Discoloration is among the most common problems of composite restorations. Color change over time compromises the main advantage of composite resins namely their high esthetics. In such cases, the restoration needs to be replaced. .The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of accelerated artificial aging [AAA] on the color stability of three composite resins [Filtek Z250, Filtek Z250XT, and Filtek Supreme]. In this experimental study, 7 composite specimens with equal dimensions were fabricated of each composite resin. The initial color of specimens was measured using a spectroradiometer according to the CIE L*a*b* system. The specimens were then submitted to AAA for 384h and underwent color assessment again. Before and after aging, the surface roughness of one specimen from each group was determined by Atomic Force Microscopy [AFM]. The obtained color parameters were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The color change of Filtek Z250 was significantly lower than that of Filtek Z250XT and Filtek Supreme [P 0.05]. All composite resins showed color change above the clinically acceptable threshold [delta >/= 3.3]. Z250 microhybrid composite was more color stable than nano-composites [Z250XT and Supreme]. AAA increased the surface roughness in all groups but it was within the clinically acceptable range

Comparison of intertrochanteric fracture fixation with dynamic hip screw and bipolar hemiarthroplasty techniques

At present, there is no consensus on an appropriate treatment modality for intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly with background diseases. The aim of the present study was to compare treatment outcomes of intertrochanteric fractures reduced with dynamic hip screws [DHS] and bipolar hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with background medical conditions. In this randomized clinical trial, 60 patients with intertrochanteric fractures, who were 45-60 years old, were randomly divided into DHS and bipolar groups. After treatment, the two groups were compared in relation to complications and mortality rates, functional status using the Harris Hip Score [HHS], range of movement and severity of pain using the visual analogue score [VAS]. HHS [86 +/- 9 vs. 75 +/- 7.6], range of flexion [105 +/- 11 degrees vs. 90 +/- 17 degrees] and external rotation [35 +/- 7 degrees vs. 20 +/- 7 degrees] were significantly higher in the bipolar group compared to the DHS group [P<0.05], However, there were no significant differences in pain severity between the two groups. Reduction of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients with background medical conditions is more effective and less problematic with the bipolar technique compared to DHS and is better tolerated by patients, because this technique is associated with improvements in functional status and hip joint movement range

[Fungus paranasal sinusitis in non-immunocompromised patients in Tehran, Iran [2006-07]]

Incidence of fungal infections particularly fungal sinusitis is increasing in Iran and identification of causative agents is essential for its control and treatment. This study was carried out to determine the fungus paranasal sinusitis in non-immuno-compromised patients in Tehran, Iran. This cross-sectional study was done on 108 patients [73 males, 35 females] with chronic sinusitis ranged from 9 to 68 years, admitted to Amir Alam and Emam Khomeini hospitals in Tehran, Iran during 2006-07. Sinusitis in patients confirmed by radiologic images. Complementry information were obtained using questionnaires which including gender, job, presence of disposing disease diabetes and consumption immunocompromised drugs. Sinus samples were collected by washing and biopsy were carried out by two methods of fenestration and Cald-wel luc operations. Subsequently they were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar [SDA], SDA+chloramphenicol and blood agar [BA] media at 30 C and 37 C. Direct examination and fixative sample for histhologic evaluation was done and for colonies confirmation the slide culture method also was used. 8 cases [7.4%] were positive for fungal sinusitis with following sub type: 6 cases [Alternaria Spp], 1 case [Paecilomyces] and 1 case [Aspergillus flavus]. The most fungal sinusitis [5 cases] were observed in 30-39 years patients. Considering the prevalence of 7.4% fungal sinusitis and isolation of paecilomyces which is a rare subtype complematry investigation is recommended, in the field of research

Is Interictal EEG correlated with the seizure type in idiopathic [genetic] generalized epilepsies?

We investigated the correlation between different interictal EEG abnormalities observed in patients with idiopathic [genetic] generalized epilepsies [IGEs] and their seizure types. In this cross-sectional study, all patients with the diagnosis of IGE, were recruited in the outpatient epilepsy clinic in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from 2008 through 2010. Demographic variables and relevant clinical and EEG variables were summarized descriptively. Statistical analyses were performed using independent samples T-test, Chi square and Fisher's Exact test to determine potentially significant differences. Three-hundred thirty-six patients were diagnosed ashaving IGE. Interictal EEG findings in patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizure [GTCS] compared to patients without GTCS were not different. Abnormal EEG findings in patients with myoclonic seizures compared to patients without these were not different either. However, normal EEGs were more frequently observed in patients with history of myoclonic seizures [p=0.0001]. EEG findings in patients with absences compared to patients without absences were not different. Interictal EEG cannot differentiate the seizure types and therefore different syndromes of IGEs. Polyspikes, 3-Hz generalized spike-wave [GSW] complexes and 3.5-6 Hz GSW complexes, alone or in combinations, could be observed in various seizure types and syndromes of IGE. The key element in making the correct diagnosis is a detailed clinical history

[Effect of zataria multiflora boiss essential oil and nisin on shelf life in light salted fish fillet of silver carp [hypophthalmichthys molitrix]]

Zataria multiflora is medical plants in Traditional Medicine of Iran. It is necessary to study on antimicrobial effects of essential oil on foodborne pathogens. Nisin is bacteriocin, antimicrobial food preservative. It is regarded as natural because it is a polypeptide produced by certain strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis [hereafter referred to as L. lactis], during fermentation. This study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil and Nisin on the shelflife of light salted fish fillet, silver carp. Effects of different concentrations, Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil [0, 0.045, 0.135, 0.405 and 0.810%] and Nisin [0, 0.25 microg/ml] were studied on shelf life in light salted fish fillets of silver carp at unfavourable refrigeration storage temperature [10 C] by measuring of microbial flora and chemical values such as pH, thiobarbituric acid [TBA] and total volatile basic nitrogen [TVB-N] and perioxide compared with control group. The results showed that higher used concentrations of Zataria multiflora essential oil [0.135, 0.405 and 0.810%] and Nisin [0.25%] had a significant effect on the shelf life of fish fillets [p> 0.05]. The results showed that Z. multiflora essential oil and nisin have antimicrobial effects and are as a food natural preservative in fish fillet. Also, Total volatile basic nitrogen [TVB-N] increased with growth of microbial flora and TVN in the study was best factor for shelf life changes

Efficacy of Olyset long-lasting bednets to control transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran

A large-scale intervention field trial of the effect of Olyset long-lasting insecticide-treated bednets on transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis was carried out in 2 cities in the Islamic Republic of Iran from October 2003 to July 2005. We enrolled 8620 individuals in 3000 households in 6 pairs of sectors in each city. Epidemiological and entomological surveys were carried out pre- and post-intervention. In both cities a statistically significant reduction was found in the incidence of new cases in intervention sectors who received bednets compared with control areas. Entomological surveys showed a reduction in numbers of female Phlebotomus sergenti captured indoors in intervention sectors

effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of mentha-piperita on the ileum movement in guinea pig

Background and Purpose: Much evidence indicates that Mentha-piperita [MP] is traditionally applied for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, and probably reduces smooth muscle contraction and bowel movement. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of MP Hydroalcoholic extract on ileum movement in guinea pig ileum in invitro model

Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, we used 5 male guinea pigs [200-300gr]. After killing the guinea pigs, at least 6 pieces of ileum 2-3 cm long were dissected, and established in normal Tyrod solution plus carbogen gas in 37oC. Then, each tissue piece was fixed between two electrodes connected to stimulator apparatus. The contraction of ileum was carried to a physiograph by an isotonic transducer, and contractions were recorded. Then solutions with 5 concentrations of MP extract were added to the organ bath during ileum stimulation with stimulator. Then the physiograph recorded the contractions again. At least 6-7 responses were recorded

Result: Findings revealed that addition of Hydroalcoholic extract of MP in concentrations of 5, 15, 50, 150, 500 mg/ml during 0.1 Hz stimulation decreased contraction duration in a dose-dependent manner. The percent of these changes were 27%, 30.8%, 41%, 61%, and 75% respectively. Activity of 50% of this effect of MP was found to be in the dose of 50 mg/ml [P<0.05]

Conclusion: The results indicated that MP extracts can decrease ileum contraction and bowel movement in a dose-dependent manner

[Characterization of 60 kDa heat shock protein [HSP60] gene in pathogenic dermatophyte Microsporom canis]

The stress-inducible Heat Shock Proteins [i.e. HSP60] constitute one of the highly conserved protein and gene families. As one of the molecular chaperone proteins, they play essential roles in protein metabolism and protein translocation under both stress and non-stress conditions. In the present study, we try to characterize the 60 kDa Heat Shock Protein [HSP60] gene in dermatophyte pathogen Microsporom Canis [M. canis]. This dermatophyte is one of the most important causative agents of dermatophytosis in human and animals. Some properties of M. canis have been investigated in molecular level; however, no information is available regarding the HSP60 in this dermatophyte. In the present study, we try to characterize the 60 kDa Heat Shock Protein [HSP60] gene in dermatophyte pathogen Microsporom Canis [M. canis]. M. canis was obtained from patients with dermatophytosis and cultured in appropriate conditions. High molecular weight DNA was isolated from obtained mycelial mass by standard methods. Pairs of 21 nt primers were designed from highly conserved regions of the HSP60 genes in other eukaryotic cells. Mentioned primers were utilized in PCR using isolated genomic DNA template of M. canis. Predicted molecules have been amplified and were submitted for sequencing. By the time 1550 nucleotides of this gene are sequenced and analysed, that encoding a 497 amino acids protein. In the present study, we report the identification and molecular characterization of a M. canis gene encoding a protein belongs to the 60 kDa Heat Shock Protein family which will here be referred to as McHSP60. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of this gene revealed a considerable identity with other eukaryotic HSP60 such as those of C.immitis [97%], Aspergillus fumigatus [92%] and S.cerevisiae [74%]. Investigation of amino acid composition in HSP60 revealed Alanine, Glutamic acid and Glysine as the most common amino acids in this protein. The amino acid composition of McHSP60 indicates the amount of Cysteine and Tryptophan are poor

Isolation and characterization of crude oil degrading bacillus spp.

Today, application of microorganisms for removing crude oil pollution from contaminated sites as bioremediation studies, was considered by scientists because other methods such as surfactant washing and incineration lead to production of more toxic compounds and they are non-economic. Fifteen crude oil degrading bacillus spp. were isolated from contaminated sites. Two isolated showed best growth in liquid media with 1-3% [v/v] crude oil and mineral salt medium, then studied for enzymatic activities on tested media. The results showed maximal increase in optical densities and total viable count concomitant with decrease in pH on fifth day of experimental period for bacillus S6. Typical generation time on mineral salt with 1% crude oil is varying between 18-20h, 25-26h respectively for bacillus S6 and S35. Total protein was monitored at determined time intervals as biodegradation indices. Increasing of protein concentration during the incubation period reveals that isolated bacillus can degrade crude oil and increase microbial biomass. These bacillus spp. reduced surface tension from 60 [mN/m] to 31 and 38 [mN/m], It means that these bacillus spp. can produce sufficient surfactant and have good potential of emulsification capacity. The results demonstrated that these bacillus spp. can utilize crude oil as a carbon and energy source

Isolation and identifica tion of pathogenic fungi from thorns and thistles in isfahan and adjacent cities

The most important subcutaneous fungal infections in man are caused by injury due to contaminated thistles and thorns. From an epidemiological point of view, it is important to recognize the ftmgi as well as their frequency of them in various thistles and thorns. The present research has been conducted on thorns and thistles of 1 6 regions including cities and villages of Isfahan province. 800 samples have been collected. Specimens were inoculated and incubated at 25°C in S and SCC medium. In order to isolate and identify the fungi, cultures in specific media, intraperitoneal injections of mice and disc diffusion test have been applied. Over one year of study, 1676 colonies of actinomycetes and fungi were recognized. The most common fungi were as follows: Alternaria [22/4%], Aspergillus [l1/8%], Cladosporium [10/8%], Esteril mycelium [10/6%] and Penicillium [9/7%]. The prevalence was most in Shahreza city [10/2%], while the least was in Ardestan [3%]. The most prevalent yeasts were Candida tropicalis [50%], Rodotrula rubra [12/5%], Candida kerusei [l l/4%], Trichosporon Candida [7/9%], Unknown yeasts [6/8%], Candida gillermondi [5/7%], Saccharomyces cervisia [3/4%], Geotricum candidum and Trichosporon glabrata [Candida glabrata] each one [1/1%]. The prevalence was most in Khansar city [19/2%]. In this study, 4 species similar to Coccidioides immitis, Phialophora verrucosa [4 species] and Exophiala jeanselmei [3 species] were identified. In this study done for the first time in this area, pathogenic and opportunistic fungi were isolated. Furthermore, Exophiala jeanselmei and Nocardiopsis dassonvillei were isolated for the first time from thorns in the country

Evaluation of Juglans regia pericarp on antifungal susceptibility with broth dilution method

Antifungal property of Juglans regia has not been proved yet, therefore, the present study we designed to examine the effect of Juglans regia pericarp on the growth of different fungi, particularly dermatophytes. The extract has been prepared by methanol solution using percolation method according to NCCLS protocol. Then, the fractions have been examined on fungi inoculums. For MBC estimation, it has been cultured on PDA medium. Juglans regia extract completely prevented growth of Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in fraction of 120 mg/ml, Microsporum canis in fraction of 450 mg/ml, and Candida albicans in fraction of 337 mg/ml, meanwhile, it reduced colony growth of Aspergillus niger compared with the control. We have demonstrated that the growth of three dermatophyes and Candida albicans was completely inhibited by Juglans regia pericarp extract

Study of griseofulvin effects on the expression of ATPase-subunit G gene in dermatophyte pathogen Trichophyton rubrum

Trichophyton rubrum is one of the anthropophilic dermatophytes with worldwide distribution. This fungus is a common causative agents of Tinea cruris, Tinea corporis, Tinea pedis and tinea manuum. Several properties of this fungus have been studied so far; however few investigations were carried out in the field of molecular biology of this microorganism. The main goal of this survey was the evaluation of ATPase-subunit G gene expression of this fungus due to different amounts of griseofulvin. Serial dilutions of griseofulvin with fungal growth were prepared and compared with control. In this study, the control and griseofulvin-treated samples were micro scopically investigated and the RNAs were then extracted. Consequently RT-PCR was performed simultaneously in order to evaluate griseofulvin influence on ATPase-subunit G gene expression. It was indicated that the rate of shortened and twisted mycelia in 10 micro g/ml of griseofulvin was much higher than micro g/ml. Meanwhile, in micro g/ml of this drug there is an obvious up-regulation in ATPase-subunit G gene in comparison with 10 micro g/ml. It can be concluded that in certain amounts of griseofulvin, a significant increment in ATPase-subunit G gene expression as well as mycelial abnormalities could be occurred

[Relation between admission blood glucose levels and in-hospital and one year mortality in non-diabetic acute myocardial infarction patients]

Several studies have evaluated the association of admission blood glucose levels and short and long term mortality after myocardial infarction and have had different results. The aim of this study was evaluation of association between admission blood glucose levels and in-hospital and one year mortality in non-diabetic patients with AMI. In this study, demographic, clinical and Para clinical data of 120 non-diabetic patients with AMI on admission was collected and analyzed. The patients were followed for one year. Blood glucose level >/= 140 mg/dl was defined as hyperglycemia. 78% of patients were men. The mean age and admission blood glucose level was 63 +/- 13 years and 146 +/- 76mg/dl, respectively. Death due to cardio vascular causes was seen in 20% of patients in hospital and 9.8% during the one year follow up. The mean admission blood glucose level in patients who died in hospital was significantly more than live patients and also had an influence on the in-hospital outcome. Every 100mg/dl increase in blood glucose level was associated with 11% increase in in-hospital mortality risk in non-diabetic patients. Our results demonstrate that admission blood glucose level is a good marker for diagnosing patients with worse prognosis after AMI. We suggest that later studies should focus on optimal control of hyperglycemia with insulin in patients with AMI

[Role of obesity in premature MI occurrence and hospital and one year follow up mortality]

Nowadays, obesity is developing as an epidemy and it is one of major risk factors of coronary artery disease, therefore this study determinated the effect of obesity on age of occurrence of MI and It's mortality. In this prospective study we studied on 212 hospitalized patients because of MI in CCU[s] from May 2001 to October 2002 and they followed for one year, questionnaires for all patients were completed and data analyzed with SPSS ver.11.00.. 34.9% of patients were overweight and 16.5% were obese. Average BMI was 25.87 +/- 4.38. Obese patients were younger than overweight and normal weight patients significantly. [P=0.039] there was a linear relationship between BMI and age of occurrence of MI. [P=0.005]. Obesity and overweight status didn't affect on hospital and late [1 year] mortality. According to our results, obesity associated with premature occurrence of AMI because obesity accelerated coronary atherosclerosis but obesity didn't associate with increased incidence of inhopsital or one year mortality. Thus we suggest to long term follow up in later studies

[Anxielytic effects of portulaca oleracea aqueous extracts in mice]

Portulaca oleracea [PO] overgrows in different parts of Iran. In previous studies, a 10% hydroalcoholic extract of the PO aerial parts [leaf and stem] showed anticipative and anticonvulsive activity in rats. This study was designed to evaluate anxielytic effects in different doses of the aqueous decoction extracts of PO seed. In this study, forty male mice [25-30gr] were used in a model elevated plus maze [EMP]. Different doses of the extract [25, 50, 75 mg/kg] were injected intraperitoneally [IP] to three separated test groups and normal saline [10 ml/kg, IP] was injected to one control group, intraperitoneally. For increasing their activity, animals were put inside a black box for 5 min. Then they were transferred to the elevated plus maze and evaluated for their anxiety reaction, including number and percent of time spent in open arm. Results indicated that injection of the extract in three doses of PO reduced anxiety reaction in test groups, compared with the control group which had higher number of entrances and spent more time in open arm [P=0.000]. It is suggested that the aqueous extract of PO plays an important role in fear and anxiety reactions and that the anxielytic effects of PO is not related to the dosage of use

[ prevalence of acinetobacter in sergical ICU in Rasoul Akram Hospital in 2004-2005]

Acinetobacters are opportunistic pathogens. Nowadays these bacteria are are among the pathogens causing nosocomial infections, so the aim of this study was to identify of acinetobacter in surgical Intensive Care Unit [ICU] in Rasoul Akram hospital and to assess the possibility of transferring antibiotic resistance by conjugation method. In this study 100 samples were collected from respiratory tubes, respiratory secretion, intensive care unit room, food trays, beds' wheels, serum tubes and bed sheets of patients in hospitalized at Rasoul Akram hospital. Bacteria were isolated and identified by using standard bacteriological methods. After identification, antibiogram tests were done performed to determine the antibiotic sensitivity. After this phas, conjugation were done between donor and recipient strains in BHI broth medium. From all 100 collected samples, 21 samples acinetobacter was isolated. Isolated acinetobacters showed 100% resistance to rifampin, penicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline, 95/2% resistance to gentamicin, nalidicsicacid, amikacin, seftizokcim, streptomycin, sephazolin, and cloroamphenicol, 90/5% resistance to seftazidim and cyprofelocsazin. They showed maximum sensitivity 28/6% to sulfumetoxasol. Isolation of acinetobacter from surgical intensive care unit showed the contamination of this unit with this opportunistic pathogen bacteria. So more care for sterilization of this unit and tools that are used are suggested. Suitable use of antibiotics for prevention of producing multiresistant bacteria and nosocomial infections are necessary too

[Molecular characterization of a 70 kDa heat shock protein [HSP70] gene in dermatophyte pathogen T.verrucosum]

Trichophyton verrucosum [T.verrucosum] is one of the dermatophyte fungi which invades the skin of human and animals particularly cattle. Several properties of this fungus have been investigated so far. However a few studies were carried out in the field of molecular biology of this fungus. In the present study we tried to identify the chaperone proteins related to the 70 kDa heat shock proteins [HSP70] in this fungus and study of its gene regulation under heat-stress conditions. Pairs of 21 and 20 nt primers were designed from highly conserved regions of the similar genes in other fungi. Mentioned primers were utilized in PCR by using isolated genomic DNA and cDNA of T.verrucosum whereas the PCR fragments were then sequenced. Eventually, 2217 nucleotides have been sequenced from this new gene which has two introns and encodes a polypeptide with 654 amino acids. Sequences comparison in gene data banks [NCBI, NIH] for both the complete DNA and its deduced amino acid revealed significant homology with members of the eukaryotic 70 kDa HSP family. Further investigation revealed that the expression of this new gene increases under heat-stress conditions. This new gene has similarity with other genes of the same family in other organisms. This protein could efficiently protect the microorganism against heat stress

Polyclonal Ki-67 expression in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Current methods of predicting prognosis in transitional cell carcinoma [TCC] of the bladder fail to provide consistently reliable information about future tumor behavior. The polyclonal antibody Ki-67 recognizes a nuclear antigen exclusively present in cells in the cell cycle. The Ki-67 reactivity has been shown to correlate with conventional prognostic indicators in several tumors.We studied the proliferative activity of 40 cases of transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder using polyclonal Ki-67 and determined the proportion of cells undergoing active division. A significant correlation was observed between cells with activated DNA [Ki-67], histological grading and staging [P< 0.0001]. The differences of mean Ki-67 index in the grade Ila versus lib [using Pauwell classification] was also significant [P<0.044]. Those cases which were limited to epithelial layer [stage Ta] show lower Ki-67 positivity than those infiltrating the lamina properia or deeper layers [stage Tl, T2, T3 and T4][P< 0.05]. The differences between stage Tl versus T2 and T3 versus T4 were not statistically significant [P>0.05]. The tumors with lymphatic and vascular invasion showed greater Ki-67 positivity than non-invasive tumors [P<0.01] These results suggest that the immunohistochemical assessment of the proliferative activity of transitional tumors of the bladder, using polyclonal antibody Ki-67 correlates with higher tumor stage and grade. Ki-67 staining provides an easy method of determining tumor cell turnover that might provides additional prognostic information. The results also indicate that the number of Ki-67 positive cells in grade II tumors may be useful aid in separating grade II TCC with favorable prognosis [Ila] from those with a poor clinical outcome [lIb]

[Assessment of hydroalcoholic extract of thymus vulgaris on neurogenic and inflammatory pain in mice]

The side effects of anti-nociception chemical drugs caused notice to medical plants. This study was performed to investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Thymus vulgaris [TV] on neurogenic and inflammatory pain in formalin test in mice. 40 male albino mice [20-30 gr] were used. TV [100, 500 mg/kg] as extract and saline were injected 30 mine before formalin test. Indexes for evaluation were duration of licking and foot elevation for assessment of acute pain [5 min] and chronic pain [15-40 min] after injection of formalin 5% [25 microl] in paw. Results indicated that TV has analgesic effect in both doses [P<0.01], and higher dose [500 mg] was more effective. Findings showed that hydroalcoholic extract of TV can modulate acute and chronic pain. Further research is required to determine the mechanisms by which TV has an inhibitory effect on pain sensation

[ comparison of ABI findings with ultrasound duplex scanning in PAD patients]

Atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries occurs in 12% of individuals with 65 years of age or older. Peripheral arterial disease [PAD] is one of the chronic diseases that is responsible for a significant number of mortality or morbidity in the developed countries. At least 28% of these patients have coronary heart diseases and 10% of them have cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, PAD is an independent predictor of both all causes and cardiovascular mortality. of this study is to calculate agreement between the two diagnostic tests of PAD, ankle brachial index [ABI] and ultrasound duplexes scanning [UDS] and to evaluate the results of these tests against symptoms of patients we designed this study on PAD patients. Forty symptomatic PAD patients that referred to the department of Sonography to complete their work up were enrolled in this validation study. Demographic characteristics, risk factors, symptoms, ABI and UDS measurements were recorded. Based on symptoms, ABI and UDS findings, patients were divided in to four groups and were compared with each other. Finally, agreement and association of these findings were analyzed. 32 patients [80%] were men with the mean age of 62 +/- 12.8 years [26-90]. Smoking [75%] and hypertension [100%] were the most common risk factors in men and women respectively and diabetes was ranked as the second common risk factor had the second degree in both genders. Agreement between ABI and UDS in men was significant, but was not significant in women. [P=0.02] Agreement between symptoms and ABI was significant [P=0.04] and between symptoms and UDS was not significant [P=0.037]. ABI is an appropriate tool for estimating the severity of arterial stenosis and lower extremity circulation