Distribution by location of CT - diagnosed primary intracerebral hemorrhage in Isfahan

Intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH] is the third most frequent cause of stroke and accounts for 10 to 15 percent of all strokes in whites and 30 percent of them in blacks and Asian Population. The commoner sites of hemorrhages are different among populations and complications of them are different too. In the present descriptive observational study, we studies 226 ICH patients admitted in Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, from November 2001 to November 2003 and evaluated them for their symptoms and signs according to size and location of their hemorrhages recognized by CT-scan at the time of admission. From our 226 patients [126 men and 100 women], 38.5% of them had thalamic hemorrhage, 24% had lobar hemorrhage, 22.5% had putaminal hemorrhage, 8% had pontine hemorrhage, 6% had cerebellar hemorrhage, and 1.3% had internal capsular hemorrhage. Seizure was commoner in lobar and putaminal hemorrhages. Vomiting was present in 100% of cerebellar hemorrhage cases. Headache was present in 100% of cerebellar hemorrhage cases and between 66-83% of cases with hemorrhage cases in other sites. Coma was common in pontine hoemorrhage. ICH accounts for 28.5% of our all stroke admissions.The incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage increases with age, reaching a maximum between the ages of 60 and 80 years old, and is higher in men than women and right side than the left side. We found that thalamic hemorrhage was the commonest site of hemorrhage among our patients second by lobar hemorrhage and more than half of our patients had headache or vomiting on the day of admission. Overall acute mortality rate depends mainly on the position and size of hemorrhage, which we can estimate them by the CT- scan. Diabetes mellitus is not considered as a risk factor, in contrast to hypertension

[Preparation and physicochemical evaluation of diazepam suppository in infantile febrile seizures]

Introduction and Objective: febrile seizures are the most common form of convulsions in childhood. Rectal diazepam in solution is very suitable for acute treatment of febrile convulsions. Furthermore, diazepam suppositories are used prophylactically. The aims of this study were to prepare a suitable and efficient formulation of diazepam suppository and to elucidate the influence of suppository base on dissolution rate using various techniques

Materials and Methods: suppositories containing diazepam [5 mg] were manufactured with Witepsol H35, PEG300 plus PEG4000, PEG1000 plus PEG4000 and PEG1000 plus PEG6000, by the fusion method. Physical characteristics of suppositories such as weight variation, liquefaction time, mechanical strength, content uniformity and percent of drug released were studied and compared to a brand of diazepam suppository. Dissolution testing was done by three methods: the USP basket, paddle and dialysis cell

Results: the results showed that the release of drug from PEG1000+4000, PEG1000+6000 and Witepsol H35 is greater than PEG300+4000 and brand one. In dialysis cell method drug was released slower than the paddle and basket methods

Conclusions: it was recognized that a dissolution testing method would be useful in both formulation design and also in quality procedures relating to the products