ABSTRACT
To determine the anatomical sites and causes of severe visual impairment [SVI] and blindness in children attending a school for the blind in Ahvaz. In this case series study, all 51 students of the only school for the blind in Ahvaz were examined by two ophthalmologists. Blindness and SVI were defined according to the World Health Organization [WHO] criteria as visual acuity less than 3/60 and 6/60, respectively. Visual acuity was measured by snellen chart; slit lamp biomicroscopy and dilated fundus exam were performed for all children. Of 51 examined students aged 7 to 16 years, one child was not visually handicapped and therefore excluded. Causes of blindness and SVL in 50 students [100 eyes] in order of frequency were: optic atrophy 7 [14%], retinitis pigmentosa 7 [14%], chorioretinal coloboma 6 [12%], severe myopia 4 [8%], macular dystrophy 4 [8%], old retinal detachment 1 [2%], cataract 5 [10%], microcornea 6 [12%], corneal opacity 4 [8%], persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous [PHPV] 1 [2%] and hypotonia and phthysis bulbi 5 [10%]. The most common causes of SVI and blindness were rare inheritable causes including congenital disease of the retina, optic nerve and cornea which resembles the pattern of childhood blindness in developed countries
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the effects of intravitreal and intracameral injection of bevacizumab in patients with neovascular glaucoma [NVG]. This interventional case series was conducted on 40 eyes of 40 patients with neovascular glaucoma. Data included the extent of iris [NVI] and angle neovascularization [NVA], peripheral anterior synechia [PAS], and intraocular pressure [IOP]. Following standard NVG treatment, 1.5 and 1 mg of Bevacizumab were injected intravitreally and intracamerally, respectively. Six weeks after injection, the same procedure was repeated. Intraocular pressure decreased significantly from 40.15 +/- 18.33 to 29.27 +/- 15.07 mmHg [P<0.001]. NVI and NVA were eliminated in 97.5% and 100% of patients, respectively. No significant change was seen in best corrected visual acuity [BCVA]. After the injection, hyphema occurred only in one eye. Intravitreal and intracameral injection of bevacizumab is an effective complementary treatment for reducing NVI and NVA and hence IOP in NVG
ABSTRACT
To compare the efficacy of granisetron, metoclopramide and dexamethasone in prevention of post operative nausea and vomiting [PONV] after cataract surgery. Sixty patients scheduled for cataract surgery with age between 45 to 80 years and with ASA class I and II were enrolled in this clinical trial. The patients were randomly allocated to three 20- person groups. The induction of anesthesia in all groups was similar using the same drugs. Granisetron 1 mg IV was administered to patients in the first group and metoclopramide 0.2 mg/kg/IV [Max: 10 mg] was administered to the second group at the end of the surgery. In the third group dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg/IV [Max: 8 mg] was used before surgery. Patients in all three groups were observed for PONV at defined intervals for 24 hours. Incidence of PONV during first 6 hours after surgery was 5% in granisetron group, 35% in metoclopramide group and 15% in dexamethasone group. Only the difference between granisetron and metoclopramide groups was statistically significant [P= 0.01]. Incidence of late PONV [6-24 h] was 5% in granisetron group, 30% in metoclopramide group and zero in dexamethasone group. This difference was statistically significant [P<0.01]. Granisetron is more effective than metoclopramide in prevention of PONV after cataract surgery. Granisetron and dexamethasone are more effective than metoclopramide in prevention of late PONV after cataract surgery
ABSTRACT
To determine the prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision in Khoozestan province in 2006. This population-based cross-sectional study included all residents of Khoozestan province during 2006. The study was designed according to World Health Organization recommendations. Sample size was calculated based on the distribution of the population of Khoozestan according to the national census and estimated rates of blindness. Sampling was performed via multi-stage clustered random method. Information was collected using a questionnaire, including general information and results of optometrists' and ophthalmologists' diagnoses. Initial data accumulation was performed at rural and urban health centres. Categorization of blindness and low vision was based on the International Classification of Diseases version 10 [ICD 10]. Overall, 6960 subjects with mean age of 24.7 +/- 18.3 years participated in the study [response rate 74.53%]. The prevalence of bilateral blindness and low vision among 5-year and older population were 1.3% and 2.6%, respectively with a significant positive trend with age [P<0.001] and no significant difference by sex and residential area. The leading causes of visual impairment included cataracts [39%], refractive errors [37.9%] and amblyopia [23.6%]. A minority of cases were due to trauma [1.3%] and surgical complications [1.9%]. It is estimated that there are 28537 cases of bilateral blindness and 105995 people with low vision in Khoozestan province. The prevalence of blindness and low vision in this province is in an average rate as compared to similar countries. We recommend performing similar studies throughout the country and reinforce the need for expansion of health programs on prevention and control of visual impairment. These studies are necessary for the appropriate design of Vision 2020 program in Iran
ABSTRACT
To determine the correlation between body mass index [BMI] and exudative age-related macular degeneration [ARMD]. This case-control study was conducted on 60 patients with exudative ARMD and 60 controls, both aged over 50. Age, sex, cigarette smoking and blood pressure were evaluated beside BMI. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software, version 9.0 using Pearson Chi square and t tests. Odds ratio [OR] with 95% confidence interval [95%CI] was calculate for over-weight [BMI> 25 kg/m[2]] and smoking. Subjects were male in 66.7% of the case group and 43.3% of the control group. [P<0.01]. Mean age was 71.0 and 71.4 years in the case and control groups, respectively. Mean DM1 was 26.77 and 25.32 kg/m[2] in the case and control groups, respectively. [P>0.05] There were 5% lean [BM1 <20 kg/m[2]], 35% normal-weight [20 0.05] Being over-weight did not predispose to exudative ARMD before [OR= 1.71, 95% CI: 0.81-3.57] and after [OR= 1.65, 95% CI: 0.73-2.6] omitting the smoking factor. Cigarette smoking was a significant risk factor for exudative ARMD [OR= 10.54, 95%CI: 2.33-49.47]. This study showed no significant relation between BM1 and exudative ARMD
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Body Mass Index , Age Factors , Case-Control Studies , SmokingABSTRACT
To evaluate the effect of oral prednisolone on visual outcome and complications of scleral buckling [SB] in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment [RRD]. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, patients with acute RRD who underwent SB were randomly divided into two groups. Oral prednisolone was administered for the treatment group and placebo for the control group. The two groups were compared for visual acuity [VA] , retinal detachment [RD], cystoid macular edema [CME], and proliferative vitreoretinopathy [PVR]. The trial was performed on 25 patients in the treatment group and 27 patients in the placebo group. Mean preoperative VA [LogMAR] was 1.46 +/- 0.81 overall, including 0.85 +/- 0.62 in location were equal in both group. [P=0.45] Significant PVR was seen in one eye in the treatment group and 3 eyes in the placebo group. [P=0.39]. Postoperative oral prednisolone does not seem to affect visual outcomes and complications of scleral buckling in phakic patients