ABSTRACT
Particular importance of hazardous wastes is due to having characteristics such as toxicity, flammability, corrosively and reactivity. Some of the chemical wastes due to having hazardous materials must be collected and managed in a proper manner, since they are potentially harmful to the environment. Owing to the fact that educational centers have important roles in developing countries, so the main objective of the present study was to investigate, hazardous waste management in chemistry laboratories of Ministry of Science universities, in Tehran, Iran. Study area of this research includes all chemistry laboratories in Tehran universities which were covered by Ministry of Science. To obtain the number of samples, based on Scientific Principles and identification formula, 64 samples were calculated. In addition, sampling was done by Stratified sampling. Validated checklists were used for data gathering. Data analysis were done by Descriptive statistics [mean, frequency and etc.] and inferential statistics [kruskal-wallis test]. results obtained in this study indicate that Sharif University by obtaining the mean score of 60.5 and Tehran University by obtaining the mean score of 4.5-6 are placed in best and worst rank, respectively. Beheshty, Alzahra and Tarbiat Moallem univesities by acquiring the mean score of 20-28.5 have a same position in ranking table. Results show that most of the studied laboratories do not have any collection program and only 26.5 percent of them have acceptable programs.The separation and storing program observed in about 12.5 percent. Hazardous wastes* management in chemistry laboratory of Tehran Universities was not in good status. And from the standpoint of management, only 12.5 percent of studied cases are in good status, while 75 percent was in undesirable status
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the outcome of 116 patients with suspected / confirmed diagnosis of Dengue fever at our tertiary care setup. Design: A descriptive study Setting: Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro. Study was carried out between October and December 2006
Methods: This study was conducted on 116 patients who were admitted in Liaquat University Hospital. Case definition was high grade fever with leucopenia and thrombocytopenia
Results: Only 52 out of 116 patients were confirmed as having Dengue IgM antibodies. The highest sufferers of Dengue fever were young adults. Almost all cases developed mild to moderate thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. Most patients recovered spontaneously in less than 10 days. Only 3 patients expired
Conclusion: Dengue fever is endemic in sub-Saharan region and in South Asia including Pakistan. Out-breaks occur from time to time. The current outbreak being the 3[rd] episode in the last 13 years points towards the importance of comprehensive research for the prevention and control of the disease. Although case fatality rates are low however it must be considered as public health problem and serious efforts shall be undertaken for public awareness and vector control
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Approximately 30 to 40% of patients with Chronic Hepatitis "C" [CHC] have persistently normal serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT] levels. Historically, these patients have been classified as healthy or asymptomatic and have not received any treatment for CHC infection. However, definition and clinical significance of persistently normal ALT in CHC have been recently revised as new information on liver disease which is now getting available
Aims: To evaluate the histological feature of liver of patients suffering from CHC with persistently normal ALT levels
Methods: In this prospective observational study we recruited consecutive patients infected with CHC with persistently normal ALT since last six months, visited our hepatology clinic from September 2004 to April 2005. The METAVIR scoring system was used for liver histology grading [degree of inflammation] and staging [degree of fibrosis]
Results: A total of 55 patients were recruited from outpatient clinic with normal ALT during a follow up of six months. Mean age of these patients was 36.7+/- 9.78 years; out of these 39 [70.9%] were male. All these patients were diagnosed to have hepatitis C by HCV RNA PCR method. There were 24 [43.6%] patients with stage [fibrosis] equal or greater than 2 and 33 [60%] had biopsy grade equal or greater than 2. Eighteen [32.7%] patients had steatosis on liver biopsy. Twelve patients with stage > 2 had steatosis while 6 patients with stage < 2 had steatosis [p< 0.01]
Conclusion: There was no correlation found between the transaminase level and biopsy scores. Approximately 44 % of the patients have fibrosis equal to or greater than stage 2. The extent of steatosis is directly related to the biopsy score of the patients
ABSTRACT
Ether extract of Lawsonia intermis is found to have invitro inhibitory effect on 31 isolates of dermatophytes. The MIC is 303 [micro] g/ml. results obtained in this study are promising since henna paste does not contain allergenic or skin irritating components. There are no records of side effects. Popularity of henna, in this country may be due to its therapeutic significance in skin infections
Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
A random population sample of 501 residents of Mosul city was investigated. The entire population sample was separated on the basis of atopic status and hypersensitivity to mold allergens into 319 normal subjects and 182 atopics and/or hypersensitive. The geometric mean +/- S,D. of total serum IGE level for the entire random population was 104.2 +/- 4.8 I. U./ml. and 72.5 +/- 3.8 I. U./ml for the normal subjects. A correlation of IGE level in males was higher than in females. For both sexes, concentrations in normal children and teenagers [age group 1-15 years] were several times higher than those found in olderly normal adults