[Prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse in young people, 15-35 year old, living in Tehran, Iran]

This study was conducted in the first 6 months of the year 2005, to define the prevalence of alcohol, psychostimulant, and psychedelic drug abuse in teenagers and adults ranging 15 to 35 years old living in Tehran. This is a cross-sectional analysis and the study population encompassed persons aged 15 to 35 years living in Tehran. The study was performed from January to June 2005 in all of the 22 urban regions in Tehran. The information was collected through a written survey including demographic and relevant specified variables. The sampling method was clustered randomization in which 8175 individuals were surveyed. After sampling, the information was entered in the data bank and was analyzed with SPSS version 13. The prevalence of psychedelic drug abuse was 3.8%, psychostimulant drug abuse was 7.2%, and alcohol abuse was 25.7%. The mean age in each group of substance abusers was similar to that of the whole population, and the sex distribution was significantly higher in males. Physical exercise, marriage, and the presence of both parents in the family were variables which had a significant correlation with low prevalence of drug and alcohol abuse. Unstable relationships of parents had the most significant positive correlation with drug and alcohol abuse. In this study, we have shown that alcohol abuse has a high prevalence of 25.7% among the individuals of our study population, followed by psychostimulant and psychedelic drug abuse, [7.2% and 3.8% respectively]. Also, parental discord has a significant positive correlation with prevalence of drug and alcohol abuse

[Comparison of nutrients intake between healthy people and Schizophrenic patients between 15 to 55 years attending in Taleghani hospital]

Background: Schizophrenic patients die early, especially from cardiovascular disease, which is promoted by an inappropriate diet. This study compared dietary intake of schizophrenic patients with those of individuals without schizophrenia

Materials and Methods: A sample of 60 schizophrenic patients [21 women and 39 men]: was matched by age and sex to 60 persons randomly selected from healthy employee of this hospital. The patients included of admitted inpatients at psychiatric unit of Taleghani hospital in Tehran and also out patients that attended in out- patient clinic in this hospital. The subjects were enrolled between 2002 and 2003. In both of groups exclusion criteria was: alcohol and drug intake vegetarianism, pregnancy, lactation heart diseases, diabet hyperthyroidism, and intestinal disease during study. Data about age, job, education, length of disease, monthly income, and taking medication, were gathered using of general questionnaire. Weight and height was measured without shoes and with light clothes, then body mass index [weight [kg]/[height[m2]calculated Dietary intake recorded by 24 - hour food recall questionnaire. Data analyzed by student t- test, man whitney, /2 and pearson correlation coefficient

Results: The mean of BMI in patient and control group was [24/26 +/- 4/04] and [25/38 +/- 4/85] respectively, a non significant difference. The patients consumed significantly less energy, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, folic acid and vit B12 [p=0/01], [p0/006] respectively. %50 of the patients and %2617 of control consumed vit B12 less than [%75 RDA], a significant difference. [p=0/009 In control group a significant negative correlation between energy intake and monthly income were observed. [r= -0/318, p= 0/013]

Conclusion: We conclude that the schizophrenic patients we studied are making poor dietary choices. Assertive programmes to improve diet are necessary

[Comparison of nutrients intake between healthy people and schizophrenic patients between 15 to 55 years attending in taleghani hospital]

Background: Schizophrenic patients die early, especially from cardiovascular disease, which is promoted by an inappropriate diet. This study compared dietary intake of schizophrenic patients with those of individuals without schizophrenia

Materials and Methods: A sample of 60 schizophrenic patients [21 women and 39 men]: was matched by age and sex to 60 persons randomly selected from healthy employee of this hospital. The patients included of admitted inpatients at psychiatric unit of Taleghani hospital in Tehran and also out patients that attended in out-patient clinic in this hospital. The subjects were enrolled between 2002 and 2003. In both of groups, exclusioncriteria was: alcohol and drug intake, vegetarianism, pregnancy, lactation, heart diseases, diabet, hyperthyroidism, and intestinal disease during study. Data about age, job, education, length of disease, monthly income, and taking medication, were gathered using of general questionnaire. Weight and height was measured without shoes and with light clothes, then body mass index [weight [kg]/[height [m2] calculated. Dietary intake recorded by 24 - hour food recall questionnaire. Data analyzed by student t- test, man whitney, +2 and pearson correlation coefficient

Results: The mean of BMI in patient and control group was [24/26 +/- 4/04] and [25/38 +/- 4/85] respectively, a non significant difference. The patients consumed significantly less energy, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, folic acid and vit B12 [p=0/01], [p=0/006] respectively. %50 of the patients and %26/7 of control consumed vit B12 less than [%75 RDA], a significant difference. [p=0/009 In control group a significant negative correlation between energy intake and monthly income were observed. [r= -0/318, p= 0/013]

Conclusion: We conclude that the schizophrenic patients we studied are making poor dietary choices. Assertive programmes to improve diet are necessary

comparison of clinico-mental pathology in convertive patients and grandmal epileptics in forced war participants

This topic aims toward the investigation and comparison of four groups: epileptics, convertives, combat soldiers and normal individuals. The purpose of this research is comparison of similarities and differences between these groups. Each group had thirty members. The members of first three groups [epileptics, convertives and combat soldiers] were in fronts of war, but the fourth groups members weren't. The members of epileptics and convertives had a traumatic experience, especially head trauma. The third group were in fronts of war but weren't experienced head trauma. The mental symptoms and neuropsychological situation [information processing] of groups were examined by the symptoms checklist-90-revised [SCL-90-R] and visual- perception tests. The method used in this research is analysis of variance between variables using ANOVA, demonstrated that there were significant difference between groups mean. This differences were observed about symptoms of mental and information processing. These differences are significant [a=0.01]. The result of research showed that epileptic and convertive group have perceptual and mental disorders. The epileptics group had more problems than convertive group