Permethrin-induced oxidative damage in liver of rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss] and its attenuation by vitamin C

The objective of this study was to investigate the propensity of permethrin [PTN] to induce oxidative stress and changes in enzyme activities in liver of rainbow trout and its possible attenuation by vitamin C. Forty-eight fish were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 treatment groups and their livers were used for liver perfusion method: control [0 microgL-1 permethrin and 0 mgL-1 vitamin C], PTN-0.16 [0.16 microgL-1 permethrin], PTN-0.32 [0.32 microgL-1 permethrin], PTN-0.64 [0.64 microgL-1 permethrin], Vit. C [17.2 mgL-1 vitamin C], and PTN-0.64 + Vit. C [0.64 microgL-1 permethrin and 17.2 mgL-1 vitamin C]. Results obtained showed that permethrin significantly [P<0.05] increased ALT, AST and LDH activities in the liver perfusion medium and malondialdehyde [MDA] level in liver tissue. The values of reduced glutathione [GSH] and total antioxidant capacity [FRAP] in the liver tissue were significantly decreased due to permethrin administration. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between MDA concentration and ALT, AST and LDH activities in the permethrin groups, suggesting that the enhanced lipid peroxidation may be linked to hepatic damage caused by permethrin. On the other hand, treatment with vitamin C in the PTN-0.64 + Vit. C group increased the values of GSH and FRAP, and decreased the level of MDA and the activities of hepatic enzymes, when compared to the PTN-0.64 group. The present study revealed that vitamin C could ameliorate permethrin-induced oxidative damage by decreasing lipid peroxidation and altering antioxidant defense system in liver of rainbow trout

Effect of long-term onion [Allium cepa] feeding on antioxidant enzymes in goat erythrocyte

The effect of long-term onion consumption on red blood cell antioxidant enzymes [glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD], superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]], were measured. The relationship of these enzymes with PCV and hemoglobin [Hb] concentrations was also determined. Twelve adult female goats were used for the experiment and randomly assigned to three groups. Animals of group 1 and 2 received diets containing 30% and 60% spring onions [DM basis] for 60 days, respectively. Goats of group 3 served as control and were fed whole alfalfa hay. Blood samples were obtained before feeding onion and every 10 days up to 80 days. In the onion groups, PCV amounts decreased from day 10 and reached the lowest value at day 40. Although onion consumption reduced PCV, the measures were within the normal range for goats. G6PD activity decreased from day 10 and the lowest value was detected at day 40. After day 40, a slow and gradual return toward the baseline values was seen. In the onion groups, SOD showed a negative correlation with PCV and Hb [P<0.01]. On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between G6PD and Hb [P<0.01]. It seems that up to 60% of onions in diet can be consumed by goats without noticeable clinical anaemia. Moreover, it seems that SOD has a compensatory role in protection of erythrocytes against oxidative stress induced by onion consumption in goats

[Study on the cytotoxicity level of nanosilver on natural fibroblast [HF2] osteosarcoma [G292] and mesenchymal stem cells]

Nanotechnology offers numerous opportunities for invention of new and reformed applicable products for the benefit of human society. In spite of a vast application of nanomaterials there is little information about their impact on human health. This study examines the biological activity of nanosilver on mesenchymal, natural fibroblast [HF2], and osteoblast [G292] cells. The effects of nanosilver on the cells were observed by a light microscope and the amplification of the cells was assayed by using a standard cell toxicity test. The results show that the cytotoxicity depends on nanosilver concentration. The amount of IC50 on mesenchymal stem was 6.33; and on HF2 was 6.68; and on G292 cells was 3.42 micro g/L. The results show that nanosilver has two times more of an inhibition effect on cancerous cells' growth as compared to the normal cells. This phenomenon is due to the direct effect of nanosilver on the cell oxidation system. Due to the extraordinary activation of the mitochondorial respiration system in cancer cells, when compared to the normal cells, it can provide suitable opportunity for nanosilver to cause cell disruption

Identification of theileria species in sheep in the eastern half of Iran using nested PCR-RFLP and microscopic techniques

Theileria species are common in tropical and subtropica regions and cause great economical losses in ruminants. Two species, T. lestoquardi and T. ovis, are suspected to cause ovine theileriosis in Iran. The epidemiological aspects of ovine theileriosis in Iran are poorly understood and further investigations by sensitive and precise techniques are required. In a previous study, a sensitive and specific PCR-RFLP method was used for the identification of Theileria spp. in sheep. In the present study, Theileria species involved in ovine theileriosis were determined in five different regions in eastern half of Iran [Zabol, Lar, Ferdows, Semnan and Gorgan]. Blood samples were collected in EDTa. Of 220 blood samples obtained from sheep in different regions, 60% [132.220] were positive for Theileria spp. by nested-PCR compared with 22.27% different regions, 60% [132.220] were positive for Theileria spp. by nested-PCR compare with 22.27% [49.220] by microscopic examination. Using RFLP of PCR products, out of 132 positive blood samples, 55.3% [73.132] were positive for T. lestoquardi and 44.7% [59.132] were positive for T.ovis. The infection with these two Theileria species in different areas is compared in the article. This is the first report in which ovine theileriosis has been studied in different regions in Iran using molecular identification techniques

Evaluation of total-LDH / heat resistant- LDH ratio in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable pectoral angina

Measurement of serum enzymes levels, such as lactate dehydrogenaze [LDH] and its isoenzymes is a routine way for diagnosis of myocardial infarction. One of these isoenzymes is LDH-1 which is raised after myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate total-LDH/heat resistant-LDH ratio in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable pectoral angina. In an descriptive analitical study 220 patients with suspected myocardial infarction [MI] or unstable pectoral angina [UA], hospitalized in CCU ward of Ekbatan Hospital in Hamedan city were studied. Using WHO's criteria, 110 were classified as having myocardial infarction and 110 as having unstable pectoral angina. The serum level of total-LDH and heat resistant-LDH was measured by NADH exchange method, 24 to 48 hours after their admission to the hospital. Data were analyzed by student-t test and Mann-Witheny test. Our study showed that total-LDH / heat resistant-LDH ratio in MI patients was 1.27 +/- 0.18 and it was 2.51 +/- 1.39 in UA patients [P < 0.001]. In our study, we found that when total LDH/ heat resistant-LDH ratio is decreased the severity of myocardial infarction [number of involved leads] and creatine phosphokinase [CPK] is increased [P < 0.01]. We did not find any relationship between total LDH/ heat resistant-LDH ratio with sex, age, type of MI [Q-wave and Non Q-wave], block after MI and arrhythmia following MI. Our results revealed that measuring heat resistant- LDH can be used as a method for accurate diagnosis of MI. This simple method can be used in centers where other accurate tests are not available