[Oak poisoning [Quercus castaneifolia] mortality report in a sheep flock]

Within a few consecutive days, 8 cases of lambs' mortality were reported from the Golestan National Park area [Golestan province]. According to the farmer's claims, the disease has occurred only in less than one year old lambs whose major feeding was free grazing in the oak rich areas and also collected and manually feeding with new and fresh buds of this tree. Ascites, hydrothorax, hydropericarditis, intestine, abomasum and mesenteric subserosal accumulation of fluid, and swelling of the kidney with cortex hemorrhage was observed in necropsy. Microscopic pathology revealed tubular and glomerular nephritis with tubular hyaline casts and mucosal necrosis with submucosal and serosal edema of GI specimens. Based on available epidemiological data, macro and microscopic pathology, oak poisoning is the most likely cause of mortality in this flock. It seems the major cause of mortality is the high sensitivity of these young animals and furthermore, the farmers insistence on feeding them the fresh buds of this tree

[ evaluation of morphine based CPP on the astrocytes of male rat's dentate gyrus]

Morphological alterations of hippocampus and dentate gyrus due to opium were reported in humans and animals. Also other evidences have shown that astrocytes actively participate in synaptic plasticity. This study was done to determine the conditioning place preference [CPP] on astrocytes number of Rat dentate gyrus by immunohistochemical technique. In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar Rat weighted average 220- 250 g were used. For behavioural tests, Rats divided into eight experimental groups. The Rats were received morphine at different doses [2.5, 5, 7.5 mg/kg] for three days by subcutaneous injection and sham groups, received saline dose [1 mg/kg] and then CPP test in them were investigated. 48 hours after behavioural testing animals were decapitated under chloroform anesthesia and their brains fixed and after tissue processing, slices stained with immunohistochemistery techniques. For morphometric study PTAH staining of astrocytes was used. The most dose responses of morphine was observed in 7.5mg/kg. The number of astrocytes in the controls [20.627 +/- 6.129] was similar to control-saline group [17.339 +/- 4.71]. This difference was not significant, while the difference in the number of astrocytes in control group with morphine-treated experimental groups was significant [P<0.05]. We concluded that the phenomenon of conditioned place preference induced by morphine can cause a significant increase in the number of astrocytes of sham and experimental groups compared to controls

[Survey of the quality of care in provided in prevention of pressure sores in hospitalized patients in orthopedic wards]

Introduction: Immobility refers to limitation of physical activity. If immobility continues for a long term can cause serious complications such as skin injuries that form pressure sore. A study conducted in USA reported the morbidity rate due to pressure sore in patients was 19% and an another study showed this rate in patients in orthopedic ward in Tehran was 25%

Objective: Since promoting the quality of care can prevent many immobility complications, therefore this descriptive study was performed. The purpose of this study was to determine quality of care in prevention of pressure sore

Materials and Methods: The tool of data collection had three sections including: predicting Braden Scale, demographic data form, check list for determining quality of care in prevention of pressure sore and quality of structures

Results: The results of study showed that in the majority of cases [87.1%] the performed care process for prevention of pressure sore was almost satisfactory. Findings also showed that quality of structure in this educational-therapeutic center, in the majority of cases [72.9%] was undesirable. Other findings indicated a statistically significant relationship between performed quality of care process and quality of structure [P<0.004, r=0.341]

Conclusion: Quality of structure in the majority of cases was undesirable, this can affect on quality of care in prevention of pressure and it seems the managers' knowledge can arise quality of care in that cent

[Knowledge and use of OCP in women in Ramsar town]

Statistics show that numerous oral contraceptive users take it incorrectly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and use of OCP in women who referred to health center of Ramsar town. This descriptive and analytical study was performed on 358 OCP users referred to Ramsar health care centers in 2002 [the first six months]. Method was as simple nonrandom sampling and data were collected by interview and questionnaire completion and then analyzed by SPSS. 43.6% of cases use pills incorrectly and knowledge level in 40.8% of women was low. There was a significant relationship between education and OCP use [p=0.003] and also between job and OCP use [p=0.03]. There was a significant relationship between training presentation in first meeting and use of OCP [p=0.019]. The results showed that the knowledge level and correct use of OCP in women receiving family planning services is not desirable

[Estimation of cranial capacity of Turkman's 17-20 years old in Gorgan - North of Iran]

It is natural that there is close relationship between cranial capacity, and the size of brain, several studies have estimated the cranial capacity which indirectly reflects the brain volume in different countries. In the present study cranial capacity has been estimated in Turkman's 17-20 years old group in North of Iran. This study was carried out on 401 normal 17-20 years old [male 198, female 203] in South-East of Caspian Sea border [North of IRAN]. By using linear dimensions of the head [Using Lee- Pearsom's Formula]. The mean and SD of cranial capacity in males and females were 1420.6 +/- 85 ml and, 1227.2 +/- 120 ml, respectively, this difference was significant [P<0.05]. This investigation was shown that the cranial capacity is higher in male than female also racial and Geographical factors can affect on cranial capacity

Estimation of face shapes in Fars and Turkman female adults in Gorgan

The evaluation and measurement of human body dimensions are achieved by physical anthropometry. Cephalomerty is a branch of anthropometry Science, in which the head and face anatomical are measured. With respect to its importance in legal medicine, plastic surgery, radiology, anatomy, orthodency and industry, this study was set up to determine and compare the face shapes in Fars and Turkman ethnic groups of normal female adults. This study was a descriptive- and cross-sectional study which was carried out on 410 girls of 17-20 years of age in two ethnic groups of native Fars and Turkman. The length and width of girls face were determined by using classic cephalometry technique, On the basis of this method, the shape of faces was subdivided in five interrational groups. Subsequently the prevalancy and the shape of faces in the ethnic group of Fars and Turkman were compared. The prosopic [facial] indices of Fars and Turkman groups were 84.5 +/- 5.8 and 81.5 +/- 5.2, respectively. Dominant shape of face in Fars group was euryprosopic [37.7%] and in Turkman group was euryprosopic [51.7%]. Rare shape of face in Fars and Turkman groups were hyperleptoprosopic [5.8%] and leptoprosopic [3%] respectively. This study showed that the face shape is affeiced by ethnical factor and primarily by genetic factor