[Relative frequency of success and complications of vascular access in end stage renal disease [ESRD]]

Introduction: inability to establish a success vascular access or associated complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients

Objective: Relative Frequency of Success and Complications of Vascular Access in End Stage Renal Disease [ESRD] in Razi Hospital [2007]

Materials and Methods: this descriptive-cross sectiom1I study was performed on ESRD patients in Razi Hospital. The data were collected based on interview and physical examination. Because of the probability or failure in access of any patient and need lo another access establishment, the access numbers was more than the patients number

Results: among total of 151 patients 59.6% of patients was man and 40.4% was woman. The mean age of patients was 54.22 +/- 14.39 years. Success rate of dialysis was 86.1% . 82.9% of vascular access was used less than 2 months of creation [mean=3 l-60 days]. 32 cases of complications [15.6%] were recorded which in 9 cases of false aneurysm, 9 cases of venous hypertension, 5 cases of infection, 4 cases of steal syndrome, 3 cases of true aneurysm and 2 cases of thrombosis. The most number of complications were happened in antecubital A VF

Conclusion: success rate of dialysis in this study is like that other studies. Because or patients don't refer in proper time; use of vascular access was performed in less than 2 months of creation. It can increase complications and decrease patency rate of vascular access. On the other hand, to decrease the cost, usage of grail is less than native AVF; it could be reason of increased presence of complications in native AVF

[ study of testis agenesia in patients with undescended testis]

Introduction: Cryptorchidism is one of the most common disorders of childhood. This anomaly occurs when the descent of testis inhibited anywhere along it's normal pathway between kidney and scrotum. There isn't any study about testis agenesia in our region and the picture of the disease may be different in this region. The aim of this study, is to determine more clear picture of this disease in our region and to consider that whether not to use diagnostic laparoscopy in this area can be lead to increased false diagnosis of testis agenesia or not

Material and Methods: This study is descriptive and basis of our study is to refer to hospital archive files, from all patients that admitted during 1996-2003, we found those who had UDT, then all of required data including patient's age, unilateral or bilateral UDT, associated disease, site of UDT, diagnostic procedures, and first symptoms were extracted and then we analyzed this data

Results: Out of 7200 patients that admitted during 1996-2003 yrs, 235 patients had UDT, according to this data the relative frequency of UDT is 3.26%. Regarding to age of patients most patients were in 5-14 y/o [41.3%]. According to associated disease 14% had contralateral UDT, 8.1%had inguinal hernia, 1.7% had hypospadiasis, 6% had hydrocele, 0.9% had torsion of testis and 3% had infertility. Regarding to anatomic site of descent cessation, intracanalicular in 61.4% pts. Superficial inguinal pouch in 16.1% pts, intraabdominal in 14% pts, suprapubic region in 0.9% pts and agenesis of testis in 7.6% pts was found

Conclusion: According to this survey, the relative frequency of UDT was relative common and the most of operated patients are in higher range of age group [5-14yo]. Which shows necessity of public education and also high incidence of testis agenesia [7.6%] suggests using of preoperative diagnostic laparoscopy in patients with nonpalpable testis

Determination of cyclical prevalence and evaluation of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Lakan prison in Rasht city

In an evaluation, cyclical prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis was determined in prisoners in Lakan prison in the city of Rasht from September 2001 March 2002. According to ihe guidelines laid down by the who to control tuberculosis, out of 1933 prisoners 816 had one or more of the symptoms as under: I, cough with sputum of more than 3 weeks duration, 2; hemoptysis, 3. precordial pain, 4. significant loss of weight; 5; loss of appetite, 6; night sweats. Early morning specimens [3 direct smear of the sputum for acid fast bacilli from 456 of them] were obtained and 1-2 or none from the remaining who were released during our investigation of these 4were sputum smear positive for AFB for 3 times and who were in different wards 6 inmates had been on treatment for TB thus the period prevalence of pulmonary smear positive TB at the time of the survey was 517/33 per 100000