ABSTRACT
The antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of bacteremia is often empirical in the first 48 hours and based on the epidemiological knowledge of susceptibility profiles of the most common bacteria causing such infections. The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological profile and the antibiotics susceptibility of bacteria identified in blood culture in a teaching hospital center, to improve the empirical antibiotherapy for the treatment of bacteremia. A retrospective study was carried out at the Microbiology laboratory of Mohammed VI hospital of Marrakech from January 2008 to June 2009. It included all the bacteria identified in blood culture. We collected 146 strains responsible for bacteremia. Gram-negative bacilli [BGN] represented 52.7%. The most frequently isolated species were Staphylococcus aureus [21.3%], Entrobacter cloacae [14%], Acinetobacter baumannii [12.3%] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [8.9%]. The incidence of resistance to methicillin were 48.3% for Staphylococcus aureus. No resistance of glycopeptides was found among the enterococci and staphylococci isolates. 64.3% of enterobacteriaceae were resistant to third generation cephalosporins and had a broad-spectrum betalactamase phenotype. The proportion of non fermenting Gram negative bacilli resistant to imipenem was 49.9%. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas, aeruginosa was 49.9% for imipenem. To carry out an epidemiological control of bacteremic episodes occurring at every hospital, it is necessary to improve the empirical antibiotherapy