Aetiology of dysentry in infants in infection ward of amir kabir hospital, arak, in 2010-2011

Background: Dysentery is one of the children's common disease for which various infectious and non-infectious reasons have been explained for it. Since determination of the cause especially with age segregation helps the experimental treatment, this study has been executed to establish relative 0frequency of dysentery causes and its comparison below and above the age of six months. Methods: This descriptive, sectional study has been executed on 50 below-six-month-old patients and 50 above-six-month-old patients both diagnosed with dysentery, held in the infection ward of Amir Kabir Hospital in 2010–2011. Faeces samples were taken for culture of Shigella, Yersinia, Salmonella, and E. coli, and serum samples were also taken for antibody against the Campylobacter, Yersinia, and allergy to cow milk protein; then results were analysed with SPSS. Results: In 60% of patients the cause could not be determined. In 12% of patients, faeces culture was positive, yet the positive faeces culture in two groups had no significant difference [p=0.053] 7% of antibody against Yersinia, and 14% against the Campylobacter was positive which was more significantly differed i above-six-month group than below-six-month group. Ten percent were allergic to the cow milk protein which was more significantly differed in above-six-month group than below-six-mont group. Conclusion: In more than half of the cases the cause to dysentery could not be identified, but the infectious reasons for above-six-month were double the below-six-month group. Campylobacter, and cow milk allergy was more common in the six-month group, and the frequency of Shigella and other infections in both groups did not have a significant difference. Keywords: Campylobacter, children, cow milk allergy, dysentery, Shigella

[Comparing the effect of intermittent Diazepam and continuous Phenobarbital in prophylaxis of recurrence of febrile seizure]

The vast majority of children with febrile seizure have a normal long term out come, but their parents are always worrying about recurrent febrile seizure. With attention to controversy in treatment a precise knowledge of the short and long term side effect is an important prerequisite for assessing the various treatment strategies. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of intermittent Diazepam and continuous Phenobarbital for the prophylaxis of recurrence of febrile seizure. In this clinical trial study 100 children with febrile seizure treated with intermittent Diazepam were compared with 100 children with febrile seizure treated with continuous Phenobarbital. Diazepam [1 mg/kg/d] was administered orally every eight hours during all febrile illness and Phenobarbital [3-5 mg/kg/d] was administered daily. Data were analyzed by chi-square and t-test. During a mean follow up of 19 months, recurrence rates in the two groups were similar [14%]. 74% of children receiving Phenobarbital had side effects versus 26% receiving Diazepam. [p=0.00001]. Mean of fever in year was 3.2 +/- 1.4 in Phenobarbital group and 3.0 +/- 1.1 in which had no significant difference. Oral Diazepam, given only when fever is present, is safe and reduces the risk of recurrent febrile seizure

Determining the prevalence of metabolic syndrome phenotypes among heypertensive patients in Isfahan and Markazi provinces in Iran

Studies have shown that there is a relationship between metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease. Hypertension is a common risk factor of both cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome phenotypes in patients with hypertension in Isfahan and Markazi provinces in center areas of Iran. This cross-sectional study was implemented in Isfahan and Markazi provinces in year 2001. Sampling method was random-clustering. 12514 people from both sexes who were above 19 years old were considered which based on ATP HI, 1936 person of them had metabolic syndrome. Based on the definition, these people were those who at least had three of the following factors abnormally: HTN, FBS, TG, HDL and WC. Also hypertension was considered for all groups. Data was analyzed using Chi square test and Odds ratio. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 0.6% to 7.5% in central areas of Iran. The most prevalent of metabolic syndrome was in hypertensive women with high TG and WC and the least prevalent was in hypertensive men with these two phenotypes: 1-high FBS and WC, and 2-high FBS and low HDL [p<0.05]. Overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in hypertensive people in the most of urban population was more than rural population. Results showed that hypertension is associated with different metabolic syndromes, especially in women with central obesity and dyslipidemia which necessitates more attention in preventing and treatment of the disease in this high risk group

[ effect of clinical research center, on clinical researches of Arak University of medical science]

Performing correct research in different aspects of community as well as medical sciences can be a way to resolve many problems. In order to create a systematic knowledge of research method in academic members of Arak University of medical science and enabling them in providing proposals and performing researches, a clinical research center was developed. This study is done to investigate the effect of this center on improving clinical researches in the University. This is a HSR, before and after, interventional study in which, clinical academic members of Arak University of medical science were evaluated. First the information of the pre intervention period was gathered [jan2002-jan2004]. Then the intervention was done in the form of development a research center in Vali-Asr hospital, performing serial research workshops, research conferences, research consultations and planning data bases during a 2 years period. Again data was gathered and then compared to those of pre intervention period. The comparison of pre and post intervention periods showed that in pre intervention period from 38 proposals 30 and in post intervention period from 89 proposals 76 were approved by research committee of the University. In the two pre and post intervention periods 14 [46.6%] and 50 [65.8%] of accepted proposals were clinical respectively. Also from the view point of quality, 11 and 15 proposals were HSR, 2 and 22 clinical trials and 8 and 8 descriptive, respectively. The number of published articles in first period was 45 and in second 84. Presented articles in internal and external congresses were 33 and 59 in the two periods overally, which 25 and 51 articles were presented in the country and 8 and 8 in abroad congresses, respectively. Regarding the results it seems developing research center in this University and other similar Universities can have a significant effect on the process of clinical researches

Effect of supplemented zinc on treatment period of acute diarrhea in 6 to 36 months old children

Despite the rapid diagnosis and treatment of diarrhea, it is still a health problem among infants and children. It has been shown that zinc deficiency, which is common in Iran, is one of the important causes of the diarrhea, Therefore, the aim of this study was to find the effects of zinc supplement on treatment period of acute diarrhea in 6 to 36 month old children. This double-blind clinical trial study was performed on 200 children with non-invasive acute diarrhea hospitalized in Amir Kabir hospital Arak. They were divided into two groups of the case and control by simple random assignment. The case and the control group had 3 mg/kg/day zinc and placebo, respectively. Independent t-test was used for analysis. The mean age of the children was 14.07 +/- 8.18 months. The average of hospital admission days for the case and control group was 3.14 +/- 0.125 and 3.59 +/- 1.83 days, respectively [p<0.05]. Also, the mean of admission days for children with moderate dehydration in the case and control groups was 2.69 +/- 0.73 and 3.11 +/- 1.29 days, respectively [p<0.05]. In the children with severe dehydration in the case and control group, it was 4.65 +/- 1.46 and 5.22 +/- 2.7 days, respectively [p<0.05]. The duration of admission of the case group was 3.29 +/- 1.41 days for children with 6-12 months, 3 +/- 0.98 days for children with 13-24 months, and 2.9 +/- 1.25 days for children with 35-36 months old [p>0.05]. Based on the results, zinc supplement reduces duration of diarrhea in the children with acute diarrhea. Therefore, it is recommended for treatment of this syndrome in these children