Histomorphological evaluation of fresh ovarian tissue transplanted into back muscles of Balb/C mice

Today, different methods for maintaining reproductive capability in young women with cancer are being considered. One of the most prominent of these methods is ovarian tissue transplant. Despite the relative success of this method, the appropriate location and methods of transplantation is still a matter of discussion. The present study evaluated the histomorphology of fresh ovarian tissue transplantation by two methods, inter muscular and intra muscular, in Balb/C mice. The study was conducted at Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in 2009. Fresh ovarian tissues from 12-14 day old Balb/C mice were transplanted into back muscles of ovarectomized 6 week old Balb/C mice both intermuscularly and intramuscularly. All transplanted mice received intra-peritoneal injections of a unit of rFSH for 4 weeks, every other day. At the end of the tenth week, all transplant recipient mice were killed and the transplanted ovarian tissues were removed. All samples were assessed for the angiogenesis and viability of follicles. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, using independent t-test. In intermuscular transplanted group, the transplanted tissues were rejected in two cases. In the sections prepared from the other cases, in spite of the presence of some small necrotic areas, the majority of ovarian tissues had a healthy appearance within the primordial, primary, secondary and antral follicles. Apart from a significant reduction in the number of follicles and smaller size of follicles in the transplanted tissue in comparison with control group, no other major differences in morphology, histology, and the process of maturation of ovarian follicles were observed between the transplanted and control groups. Fresh ovarian tissue transplantation into muscles of the back area without basic vascular pedicle has new angiogenesis capabilities, appropriate survival and development of primordial follicles and significant natural growth of maturing follicles. Degeneration of transplanted tissue in the intra muscular area indicates that it is an inappropriate site for transplantation

[Twenty four- hour circadian melatonin profile among women shift work nurses]

According to previous studies shift work could desynchronize the natural circadian rhythm of the body. Although some of the internal physiologic processes become active for adaptation of the body with this desynchronization. One of these physiologic processes is endocrine system and melatonin release. This hormone is one of the most important variants which represent the circadian rhythm in human. Since the pattern of secretion of this hormone in first ours of morning and during the day in Iranian workers in particular in shift workers is unknown, therefore we aimed to determine the 24 hours profile of melatonin in shift work and permanent day shift nurses. This experimental study was carried out on forty four female nurses of the Shiraz university hospital, during 2006-2008. Thirty four people in study group had a cyclic shift work and 10 persons in control group had permanent day shift work. The serum samples with 3 hours intervals during 24 hours were taken from each person. The plasma concentration of melatonin was measured by ELISA. Our study was carried out under realistic conditions. The data were analyzed using one -way ANOVA. The age range was between 22 to 50 years with a mean work history of 5.5 years. The highest and the lowest melatonin levels was found in shift work nurses at 04:00 pm [14.91 pg/mL], and 04:00 am [131.49 pg/mL]. These values for permanent day work nurses in the same times was 1.02 pg/mL and 177.40 pg/mL respectively. There was a significant difference between circadian melatonin profile at different time points [P= 0.000]. The results of this study revealed that night work induces a consistent change in melatonin circadian profile with a progressive reduction at early morning [04:00 am] and awaking time [07:00 am]. These changes will also disturb sleep cycle and level of consciousness during the night and activities during the day

[Twenty four hours circadian cortisol profile in shift work nurses]

It is well established that adrenal hormone cortisol has long been used in human psychobiological studies as a biological marker of circadian rhythm, stress, and anxiety. There is little information, however, about the anxiety. There is little information, however, about the interrelationships of night work, plasma cortisol levels in females' nurses of the developing countries. The aim of the present study was to compare circadian cortisol profile between two groups of nurses with shift and permanent work in a hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, between January 2006 to September 2008. In this experimental study, we examined the reproducibility of plasma cortisol levels during one month period in 34 shift work nurses and 10 permanent day shift works. We evaluated potential associations between night work and hormone levels, using current and shift work information for the health care shift workers. The results clearly revealed that shift work significantly increased nighttime cortisol levels [34.93 micro g/dl] during night shift and decreased the peak levels of cortisol in the morning [39.03 microg/dl]. During the work shift the plasma cortisol presented a decreased concentration in the morning and increasing levels [44.93 micro g/dl] by the end of the evening. In contrast, the permanent day work nurses, who had never worked at night shits, showed a lowest secretion of cortisol during the first half of night time sleep [10.02 micro g/dl], and a peak value of the cortisol after awakening at 07:00h [59.75 micro g/ml]. We also observed a significant association between night work and increased levels of cortisol over the remaining of the day. It can be concluded that nurses with night shift work have an abnormal cortisol secretion profile. Shift work nurses on rotating night shifts seem to experience changes in hormones levels that may be associated with increased of circadian disorders risk observed among night -shift workers

[Relationship between migraine and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy]

Pregnancy induced hypertension [PIH], is a highly prevalent disorder. This study was done to define the relationship between pregnancy induced hypertension and migraine in women attending Kashan hospitals, Iran, in 2007. This was a case-control study. The subjects were recruited using a consecutive sampling method, based on documented practitioner diagnosis of PIH. Subjects were assigned to two groups of case and control. Ninety women were allocated to each group. Data collection was done through a questionnaire that included demographic details, medical and obstetrics history, and details of migraine attacks. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed using content validity and test-retest methods. The two groups were matched to eliminate confounding factors. SPSS software was used for data analysis. 180 women in two groups of 90 cases and 90 controls, with average age of 27.3 +/- 5.9 and 27.66 +/- 5.2 respectively, participated in the study. Majority were housewives with primary to middle school education, with a BMI >26, and no history of hypertension in their family or in previous pregnancies. Ten percent of subjects were affected by migraine and there were no cases of migraine with aura. Results demonstrated that history of migraine was positive in 14.4% of the case group and 5.6% of controls [Odds Ratio= 2.87]. History of migraine could be considered as a risk factor for Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

[Effect of oral vanadyl sulphate on ultrastructure of pancreatic islets beta cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats]

Considering insulin like effects of vanadium salts, these compounds have been evaluated as a therapeutic agent for treatment of diabetes mellitus in the experimental models of the disease in animals. This study was performed to study the ultrastructrure of islet beta cells in streptozotocin [STZ]- induced diabetes in rats after treatment with vanadyl sulfate [VS]. diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by intravenous injection of 40 mg/kg STZ. Equal volume of normal saline was injected via lateral tail vein in sham animals. Seven days after injection animals in both groups were divided into treated and control groups. VS was added to the drinking water of the diabetic treated [DT] and Sham treated [NT] animals with a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml for one week and 1mg/ml up to three months. Untreated diabetic [DC] and sham rats [NC] received tap water during this period. Two months later all animals were killed. Langerhans islets were isolated from exocrine parts by use of collagen digestion, and were fixed in glutaraldehyde. Ultrastructure of islet beta cells were studied by means of transmission electron microscope. VS treatment led to amelioration of the symptoms of diabetes including hyperglycemia and polydepsia in DT rats. DC rats remained diabetic during the period of study. No significant changes were observed in plasma glucose and fluid intake of NT animals. Ultrastructural studies of islet beta cells of DT rats showed normal cells with normal chromatin distribution, well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, increased cytoplasmic granules and no clear sign of cell injury. Lymphocytic infiltration was not detected in langerhans islets of DT group. Nuclear pyknosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization, lymphocytic infiltration and signs of cell death such as cell necrosis were found in the islets of beta cells of DC rats. Cytoplasm of islets beta cells of NT rats were more granular in comparison to NC rats. Considering the results of this study we concluded that amelioration of diabetes signs in VS treated STZ induced diabetic rats are accompanied by preservation of islets beta cells ultrastructure

[Heterotopic triplet pregnancy [twin tubal] in 32 year-old women in Yasuj city]

Objective: The incidence of heterotopic pregnancy [HP] has risen in recent years, largely due to more frequent use of ovulatory medicine and increased incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease. Most HP are localized in the uterine tube and, usually, it is diagnosed when symptoms develop

Report: We report the case of a 32 year-old, gravida1, para 0, woman with fertile by IVF. The patient attended the emergency department because of acute aabdominal pain. She was evaluated in our department and a heterotopic twin pregnancy in the tube was diagnosed by transvaginal sonography. Intrauterine pregnancy with positive fetal cardiac activity at 9 weeks of gestation according to crown-rump length measurement was detected. Laparotomy was carried out because of acute abdominal syndrome. Right ruptured tubal ectopic/ heterotopic pregnancy and hemoperitoneum were diagnosed. Right salpingectomy was carried out

Conclusion: The incidence of HP is increasing due to the widespread use of assisted reproductive technology. An early transvaginal sonography performed by experienced radiologist/radiographer is considered to be essential and beneficial in establishing early diagnosis of HP. Both salpingectomy and selective fetal reduction by embryo aspiration can be administered as one of the effective therapies for HP with the optimal outcome of intrauterine pregnancy

role of K-ATP channel in the preconditioning effect of magnesium in the rat isolated heart

There is growing interest for beneficial effect of Mg in the cardiovascular disorders. A number of cardiovascular disorders including myocardial infarction, arrhythmias and congestive heart failure have been associated with low extracellular or intracellular concentrations of Mg. The aim of present study was to investigate the preconditioning effects of magnesium [Mg] on cardiac function and infarct size in the globally ischemic-reperfusion in isolated rat heart. Rat hearts were Langendorff-perfused, subjected to 30 minutes of global ischemia and 90 minutes of reperfusion, and assigned to one of the following treatment groups with 7 hearts in each group: [1] control, [2] ischemic- reperfusion, [IR], [3] ischemic preconditioning, [IPC] of 5 minutes of global ischemia - reperfusion before lethal ischemia; or pretreatment with [4] 30 Mu mol/L of Diazoxide [Dia], [5] 8 mmol/L magnesium, [6] 10 Mu mol/L glibenclamid [Gli], [7] magnesium and Dia and [8] magnesium and Gli. Infarct size was measured by the triphenyltetrazolium chloride method. Left ventricular function was assessed by left ventricular developed pressure [LVDP], heart rate and coronary flow [CF]. Mg limited infarct size [9.76% vs 44.47% in IR, P< 0.001] as did Dia [10.2% vs 44.4% in IR P< 0.001] and IPC [8.69% vs 44.47% in IR, P< 0.001]. The protective effect of magnesium was abolished by Gli. Administration of Mg had an anti-infarct effect in ischemic-reperfusion isolated rat hearts and improved cardiac function. Blockade of K-ATP channel abolished the protective effects of magnesium and suggest that K-ATP channel has an important role in this effects

[ effects of intra-locus coeruleus injection of dopamine D2 receptor agents on Naloxone withdrawal signs in Morphine-dependent rats]

Opiate-induced addiction is a main social problem in Iran. As treatment of this problem is a health priority among the medical community, studies on this topic are very crucial. The exact mechanism of dependence on opiates and their withdrawal syndrome remain unclear. It seems that dopaminergic system and locus coeruleus [LC] have an important role in the expression of somatic signs during opioids withdrawal. The LC has been shown to contain significant levels of dopamine [DA]. In the present study, the effects of different D2 dopaminergic receptor agonist and antagonist administration in the LC on withdrawal sign expression in morphine dependence is investigated in rats. Adult male Wistar rats, weighing 220-280 g were divided into eight groups [n=8]. Two cannulae were stereotaxically implanted bilaterally into the LC of each rat. After a one-week recovery, seven groups were rendered dependent on morphine by subcutaneous injection during a seven-day period. Non-dependent control animals received saline according to the same protocol. Animals received bilateral intra-LC injections of saline [1 micro g/site] and quinpirole [0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 micro g/site, a D2 agonist] 15 min and sulpiride [5, 15 and 30 micro g/site, a D2 antagonist] 30 min prior to naloxone injection about 24 hours after the last dose of morphine or saline according to their respective group. To calculate the total withdrawal score, as an index of withdrawal syndrome, 20 different withdrawal signs were assessed and the scores of the intensity of these withdrawal signs were added. Total withdrawal scores were significantly decreased by quinpirole [0.1micro g/site] and sulpiride [15 and 30 micro g/site]. The D2 dopaminergic system in the LC may be involved in the morphine-induced dependency in rats. Further studies are needed to define the mechanism of this dependency in order to improve methods for the rehabilitation of addicts

Effect of Zinc on brain GABAergic system activity in animal model of seizure induced in rat

In epileptic patients, seizure and behavioral disorders are the most important signs; therefore evaluation of these disorders using annual model can be conducive to advantage. Determination of the role of zinc in seizure and the relation of zinc concentrations in serum and hippocampus may be beneficial in developing preventive and therapeutic measures for epilepsy. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc on seizure and its relation with GABAergic system activity. This was a prospective, empirical and blind study. 48 adult male Sprauge-Dawley rats were randomly assigned in six groups [n=8]. 3 groups were treated with zinc and other 3 groups with tap water. Epileptic model was induced by injection of Lithium chloride [127mg/kg] and 24 hr later, pilocarpin [50 mg/kg] into peritoneum. After first injection, group 1 and 4 received saline, group 2 and 5 bicuculine [1 mg/kg] and group 3 and 6 pentobarbital [10mg/kg] injections, Episodes of seizure disorders were recorded at 1 and 2 hrs after injection. The results of this study showed that Zn had a potentiating effect on seizure. GABA A antagonists had the same effect as Zn on seizure but GABA A agonists ameliorate it significantly. Serum zinc level didn't change significantly among the animals but hippocampus zinc declined significantly in Zn treated animals compared with those of the controls. This study shows that Zn deleterious effects on seizure were probably carried out via GABAergic system

Osteoid osteoma of elbow. Two case reports and review of literature

Although osteoid osteoma is a relatively common lesion, it rarely occurs at elbow. We report two cases of osteoid osteoma of elbow in trochlea. Diagnosis was delayed because of non-specific clinical and radiological features. The two patients suffered from flexion contracture of elbow due to synovitis, while at the same time, pronation and supination remained normal. Only one of the patients complained of specific nocturnal pain. Both patients had latencies between the onset of symptoms and the appearance of radiological signs. Open surgical excision of the nidus resulted in complete relief and motion recovery in both cases. Diagnostic difficulties and treatment options are discussed below

Osteoid osteoma of cervical spine in two adjacent vertebrae

Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor, mainly seen in 10-30 years male. Spine is a relatively common site and almost always, posterior elements are involved. Plain X-Ray-, CT scan and Isotope scan help to identify and localize spine lesions. We described one 18 years old boy with 3 years low neck pain. Isotope scan, MRI and CT scan showed two lesions in C7 and T1. Gross inspection and histopathology examination confirmed osteoid osteoma in two adjacent vertebrae which has not been reported elsewhere in the literature

Histological and immunohistochemical study of pancreatic islet beta cells of diabetic rats treated with oral vanadyl sulphate

Vanadium salts have been suggested as a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to clarify histological and immunohistochemical changes that occur in the pancreatic [beta] cells of vanadyl sulphate [VS]-treated streptozotocin [STZ] induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were made diabetic by injecting a single intravenous dose of STZ [40 mg/kg] and were divided into two groups seven days after STZ injection. In the first group VS was administered via drinking water at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and treatment was maintained until normoglycemia appeared [DT]. A second group of diabetic animals received distilled water for the same period and were considered as control diabetic [DC]. One group of animals [NC] was injected intravenously with the same amount of vehicle as the diabetic rats and was considered as non-diabetic control. VS treatment was accompanied by amelioration of the signs of diabetes in DT rats while DC animals remained diabetic during this period. Hemotoxylin - Eosin stained pancreatic sections of DC rats showed a decrease in the number and size of islets and a disruption in their architecture. In DT rats the histological appearance of the islets was normal, their shape and size being within normal limits. In horseradish peroxidase procedure [using guinea pig antiserum to insulin as primary antibody] performed on pancreatic islet paraffin sections of rats, insulin immunoreactivity was found in the majority of the islets in DT rats while in the islets of DC rats immunoreactivity was rare. The results of this study indicated that amelioration of diabetes in vanadyl sulphate treated diabetic rats was accompanied with well preservation of islet structure and insulin immunoreactivity