ABSTRACT
Job stress is very common among nurses. The study of coping styles and related factors can contribute to affective response to stress. The purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship of religiosity and personality dimension and self-efficacy with coping style of nurse's students. This is a descriptive in the context of the cross-sectional study, which was performed in 2009. The study sample includes 323 nurse students, witch selected with cluster sampling model. Practitioner students spent at least 10 hours in week to work in hospitals. Data were collected through Islamic Religiosity Scale, NEO Inventory, General Self-Efficacy Scale and Ways of Coping Questionnaire, and then analyzed with the help of correlation and stepwise regression analysis. Results of regression analysis show that between religiosity, personality dimensions and self-efficacy, religiosity has more portion in predict of problem-focus coping style in nurses students, and only neuroticism is able to predicting of emotional-focus coping style in nurses students. With regarding to results, can concluded that religious instructions to nurses students can help them to have effective coping with stressful situations in clinical work. Also, guidance and accompanying of instructors with practitioner students to experience all pleasant and unpleasant aspects of clinical work, has important role in effective coping with them
ABSTRACT
To evaluate residual refractive errors after cataract surgery and its determinant factors at Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran. Simple random sampling was done among cataract surgery scheduled patients over a 4 year period [2003-2006]. Exclusion criteria were uveitis, previous intraocular surgery and ocular trauma. After applying the exclusion criteria, 423 patients were studied. Lens calculation was performed using the SRK-II formula. Unexpected refractive errors were defined as the difference between postoperative refractive errors with target refraction. Mean and percentage of this variable were reported based on 0.5, 1 and 2 D of ametropia. Of 558 studied patients, 78.1% had biometric data before and refractive data after surgery. Mean absolute unpredictable refractive error was 0.84 +/- 0.89 D. Eyes with normal axial length [AL] had the least [0.76 +/- 0.84] and those with long AL had the most unpredictable refractive errors [P<0.001]. 45.9%, 73.9%, and 91.7% of the study cases had refractive errors within 0.5, 1 and 2 D of emmetropia, respectively. Eyes with short AL had positive refraction and those with long AL had negative refraction after surgery. The majority of keratometric astigmatism followed extra-capsular surgery while the least measures were associated with phacoemulsification [P<0.001]. Axial length was one of the important factors influencing residual refractive errors after cataract surgery. Unpredictable refractive errors were more common in eyes with long and short AL than those with normal AL
ABSTRACT
To determine the prevalence of amblyopia and its determinants in students of region 1 in Mashhad, 2006. Using randomized cluster sampling, 2510 students were selected to undergo ophthalmologic examinations. Amblyopia was defined as corrected visual acuity of 8/10 or less in either eye. Of the 2510 selected student, 2150 were examined [85.6% participation rate]. The prevalence of amblyopia was 1.9% [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94 to 2.9] including 2.1% in female and 1.7% in male subjects [P=0.620]. Amblyopia was detected in right eye in 31.7%, left eye in 41.5% and both eyes in 26.8%. About 66% of amblyopic cases had refractive errors. The prevalence of amblyopia in students of region 1 in Mashhad is comparable to that of other parts of the country. Refractive error is a significant risk factor for occurring amblyopia