ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Bunium persicum Boiss. Belongs to Apiaceae family and its fruit contains high level of essential oils used as native medicinal plant in traditional medicine
Methods: The essential oil of Bunium persicum [EOBP] was extracted by Clevenger apparatus using hydrodistillation. Lethal dose, 50% [LD50] was calculated based on Lorke's method. Effects of EOBP [20-80 mg/kg] on upper gastrointestinal transit and on castor oil-induced diarrhea were investigated in adult Wistar rats weighting 200-220 g of either sex
Results: The LD50 was determined as 375 mg/kg. Abnormal behavioural activities included lethargy, weakness, recumbence, and slow and shallow respiration. EOBP [20 mg/kg] showed inhibitory effects more than atropine where high doses [40 mg/kg] had same inhibition in contrast with atropine. EOBP inhibited intestinal motility more than atropine at lower doses. EOBP inhibitory effect was enhanced with atropine insignificantly. The EOBP [20 and 80 mg/kg] also caused a dose-dependent decrease of diarrheal parameters and markedly protected rats against castor oil-induced diarrhea. The maximal effect of the EOBP was similar to loperamide, one of the most efficacious and widely employed antidiarrheal drugs at the present time
Conclusion: These primary data indicated that the plant may contain some biologically active constituents that may reveal antimotility and antidiarrheal effects and support the popular therapeutic use of Bunium persicum in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disorders
ABSTRACT
Today, it has been revealed that some plants have active components with acaricidal properties, which they can be used as a promising alternative for the control of ticks and others arthropods. The main aim of this work was the evaluation of the effect of Consolida orientalis and Adonis vernalis extracts on eggs and larval stage of Rhipicephalus bursa and Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum. To determining the efficacy of plant extracts on eggs and larval stage of ticks, dipping method was used. Two extract suspensions with different concentrations [100%, 10% and 1%] were used. The number of hatched larvae was considered as a hatchability criterion and the immobility of larvae was considered as larval death. The plant extracts used in this study showed considerable acaricidal effects on treatment groups in comparison with control group [p < 0.05%]. The egg hatchability rate of R. bursa exposed to the highest concentrations of C. orientalis and A. vernalis extracts were 30% and 34% respectively, while the egg hatchability rate of H. anatolicum anatolicum exposed to the same concentrations of extracts was zero. The effects of different concentrations of extracts on larval stage of ticks were dose and time dependent. In light of LC[50] in different days, the anti-tick effect of C. orientalis extract on eggs and larval stage was higher than A. vernalis. The results indicated that the resistance of R. bursa to the extracts was more than H. anatolicum anatolicum
Subject(s)
Insecta , Ranunculaceae , Adonis , Larva , Rhipicephalus , Plants, Medicinal , ArthropodsABSTRACT
Since the beginning of the introduction of electrocardiograph in the Veterinary Medicine specially for large animals, invetsigators realized the difficulties of electrodes attachment to the various parts of the limbs and the effects of limbs position and their movement on the ECG. For solving these problems and for finding a monitoring lead many research works have been carried out in different countries. At last, a base-apex lead was suggested. Reviewing the veterinary literatures shows that the position of the negative electrode of this lead has been reported differently by different workers. Thus a research was carried out on 10 horses and 10 cattle in order to standardize the electrode position. 15 points on 3 lines [above, middle, and below] on the left side of the neck of each animals was marked and electrode was attached to each position and then ECG was recorded. Comparing ECG recorded from each position from 10 horses and 10 cattle showed that the best place is point C4 [Fig 1.], that is, the middle of the neck above the jugular furrow. Thus, it is suggested that whenever this lead being used, the negative electrode is attached to C4 and the positive electrode on the cardiac area on the fifth intercostal space caudal to the point of the elbow joint. By using this lead the electrocardiogram was recorded from 50 adult healthy horses and 50 cattle. The electrocardiographical parameters including; heart rate, ECG congiurations [P, QRS, T], ECG ampitudes [P, QRS, T] and ECG intervals [P, P-R, QRS, Q-T, T] were measured and presented in Tables. These parameters can be used whenever this lead is used. Furthermore, ECG recorded from this lead is not affected by limb position and limb movements and it presents a very good and high amplitude ECG waves. So, this lead is suitable as a monitoring lead and for studying cardiac arrhythmias in large animal