[Investigation of effective factors for fenton like process in para-chlorophenol removal from aqueous solutions]

Chlorophenol compounds are used frequently in industries including: petrochemical, producing pesticide and herbicides, producing antimicrobial agents, pharmaceutical and refineries. These compounds can enter the environment through the wastewater industries. This investigation has studied the application of Fenton-like process [Fe[0]/H[2]O[2]] in removal of Parachlorophenol. A laboratory scale study was done on a synthetic wastewater containing Para-chlorophenol. Concentration of 10 mg/L of Para-chlorophenol was prepared then optimal values of affecting parameters such as pH, hydrogen peroxide, and iron powder and detention time in the process for Para-chlorophenol removal were determined. The optimum pH, molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide on Para-chlorophenol, hydrogen peroxide on iron powder and time were 4, 18.8, 0.4 and 5 minutes respectively. The results showed that removal efficiency in optimal conditions for concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 mg/L are 93.9, 94.4 and 94.3 respectively. The study showed the rate of mineralization of Para-chlorophenol is not completed. According to the results of this study and high resistance in degradation by biological processes, Fenton like process can be used for conversion Para-chlorophenol resistant compound to other compounds with ability of higher biological degradation and lower toxicity

[Design, production and evaluation of electronic hook for mice population controlling]

Since large cities of Iran due to specific population, topographic, cultural and economical conditions have a numerous population per surface unit, results in everincreasing population and it's accumulation and have prepared favorable conditions for increasing various mice and rats species in these cities. Efforts, designing, construction and evaluation of electronic traps for mouse and rat controlling is one of the controlling methods which may be studied beside the other methods. At first the types and species of mice and rats in Tehran city were studied [including length, weight, behavior characteristics etc.]. Next, using a system producing attractive fragrance attracts mouse and rat to the trap. Then, using electronic sensors, mouse presence with commands which is sent to electrical bobbins evaluates. Later, the middle section becomes electrically activated. Contacting the trap, the animal will die within 3 to 5 seconds contacting. Mouse corpse will transfer to the beneath section of trap. This section includes a drawer to be emptied daily or weekly. Preventing electric shocks, the power of all the sections will go with drawing out the drawer. Testing efficiency of the device, it was tried first with lab mice thus in each level of experiences the problems were solved. According to the design, each section of the device including attraction, killing and removing sections were evaluated separately. For instance, in killing section, the amount of voltage and its type also the method of electricity transfer to the animal was evaluated. In addition in attraction section the variety of fragrances were compared and it was found that walnut fragrance gave the best result for all the animal samples attraction. Also, the results showed 300 volts current voltage with 15 Amperes current intensity, has the best killing efficiency in less than a second than other voltages. According to the different evaluations, it was clear there were no good results of killing in 2.5 to 15Amperes direct current intensity. Thus using direct current methods in these trap devices were not practical. In addition, using sexual fragrances for attraction males, in several species were tested and results showed that the proteins in these fragrances became decomposed very fast in environmental conditions and the attraction nature of these substances decreased. For this reason it seams according to its easy availability, food fragrances as attraction substances are more practical and useful

Study on the reuse of zamyad factory wastewater treatment plant effluent in irrigation

Considering the population increase in the cities and also the increase of per capita water consumption in these societies, the use of treated effluents for the green area irrigation has been taken into consideration. Human ever-increasing needs to green area in municipal societies and on the other hand the limitations in water supplies cause a new review in wastewater reuse. Also making use of treated effluents in irrigation has some limitations including clogging of the soil porosities, increasing of the chemicals and toxic substances to plants and increasing the probability of groundwater pollution. In this research, considering the indicators using recognition of the effluent's quality, at the first stage compound samples of domestic wastewater treatment effluents of Zamyad Factory were taken. The samples were tested from the viewpoint of quality. Results showed that the indicator of Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Sodium Percentage, amounts of chloride, and electrical conductivity comparing to Food and Agriculture Organization and Department of the Environment of Iran standards were higher than the standard levels. Also parameters such as TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, anions and cations were in standard levels. Results also showed that the increase of some of the undesirable parameters was not related to the operation of wastewater treatment plant. Therefore, in order to make the standard effluent, different methods may be proposed and the most practical and economical one is dilution by using 50% mixing with raw water