[Comparison of the effect of tetracycline 1% and erythromycin 0.5% ophthalmic ointments for prophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum]

Ophthalmia neonatorum is a kind of conjunctivitis occurring in infants younger than 4 weeks of age and is the most common eye disease of the newborns. This study compares the effect of tetracycline 1% eye ointment with that of erythromycin 0.5% ophthalmic ointment on decreasing the incidence rate or prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis. This study was a controlled randomized single blind clinical trial without placebo. The study included 330 term neonates born by normal delivery or cesarean section in the post-delivery ward of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj City from the spring of 2010 to the spring of 2011. The neonates were assigned to three equal groups, A, B and C, every group consisted of 110 neonates. Before intervention, written consent from the parents was obtained. One hour after birth one cm of tetracycline 1% ophthalmic ointment and one cm of erythromycin 0.5% ophthalmic ointment was used for group A and group B respectively. Group C [control group] did not receive any medication. All the infants were examined at the end of the first, second and fourth weeks. Data were introduced into SPSS software and analyzed by chi-square and t-test. Conjunctivitis occurred in 22 [20%], 16 [14.5%] and 25 [22.7%] neonates in tetracycline, erythromycin and control groups respectively. Considering the high prevalence of conjunctivitis in the control group and considering the complications that can result from neonatal conjunctivitis [especially gonococcal conjunctivitis], prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis seems quite logical. Since use of tetracycline and erythromycin did not led to a significant decrease in the incidence of conjunctivitis, more comprehensive studies on the effect of other drugs such as povidone iodine or silver nitrate to find an appropriate medication for prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis, seems necessary

[ causes and therapeutic results of infertility through laparoscopy]

Laparoscopy is one of the diagnostic and therapeutic methods used for infertility. With this method, the causes of infertility [including pelvic, tubal and ovarian factors] which are not usually signified in primary evaluations can be diagnosed and treated; thus, avoiding some unnecessary therapeutic expenditure such as ART [Artificial Reproductive Techniques]. This cohort study was performed on 140 infertile patients referring to a professional clinic of gynecology and infertility from 1383 [H.S.] to 1386 [H.S.]. Having gone under primary clinical and para-clinical evaluations as well as medical treatments, these patients were nominated for laparoscopy in Aria and Mousa-ibn-Ja'far hospitals. According to the laparoscopic results, the patients were identified with either primary or secondary infertility. Then, the patients were treated accordingly. Finally, the follow-up evaluation of the fertility outcomes [pregnancy rate and miscarriage] was carried out within one year thereafter. 74% of the patients were diagnosed with primary infertility and the other 26% with secondary infertility. The most common cause of primary infertility was found to be PCOS while secondary infertility was mostly caused by tubal factor. The successful rate of pregnancy in patients with endometriosis was 58.1%; with tubal factor 44.1%; with PCOS 66.7%; with uterus anomaly 40%; with both PCOS and endometriosis 71.4% and in patients with both PCOS and tubal factor, it was measured as 22.2%. As for miscarriage, the rate was found to be 6.4% in patients with endometirosis; 8.8% in patients with tubal factor; 2.5% in those with PCOS and 11.1% in the patients who were diagnosed with both PCOS and tubal factor. No miscarriage was observed neither in the patient with uterus anomaly nor in those with both PCOS and endometriosis. According to the results of this study, laparoscopy is a safe method in diagnosing tubal, pelvic and ovarian factors and can improve the fertility outcomes in the patients