ABSTRACT
Improvement of sperm quality as a research field in reproductive biotechnology of domestic animal can be considered as a key element for in vitro fertilization. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of insulin and leptin on ovine sperm capacitation / acrosomal reaction, viability and fertilization. The semen samples of 10 Bakhtiari rams were collected by artificial vagina. Using dose response study, the most efficient doses of insulin and leptin were chosen. Each sample was assigned to four experimental groups including insulin [1nM], leptin [100nM], mixed of leptin-insulin and control [without hormone]. Sperm capacitation/acrosomal reaction, viability and fertilization were evaluated by chlortetracycline staining, eosin-negrosin and in-vitro fertilization methods, respectively. values were compared among groups by 1-way ANOVA. Values of capacitation/ acrosomal reaction rate showed significant increase in response to insulin and leptin at 30, 60 and 120 min time points. The sperm viability was significantly [p<0.05] increased in response to insulin when compared with the control group at 30 min time point, without any effect in the other time points. On the other hand, insulin and leptin did not show significant effect [p>0.05] on sperm fertilization. This study indicated that insulin and leptin improved ram sperm capacitation / acrosomal reaction and viability while their effects on in vitro embryo production were inconsiderable
Subject(s)
Animals , Leptin/pharmacology , Insulin/pharmacology , Fertilization in VitroABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of zirconia and base metal cores on the color of restorations. Furthermore, the effect of different backings on the color of cercon zirconia was evaluated. The specimens were Cercon zirconia and metal ceramic discs with "high Au" and "base metal" alloys. Cercon zirconia discs were veneered with veneering shade of A2 and two thickness of porcelain [0.7 mm, 1.2 mm]. There were 3 discs in each group. Metal ceramic discs were made of "nickel-chromium" alloy [Verobond] and "high Au" alloy [World 89] and two shades [A2, A3.5] and two thicknesses of veneering porcelain. 3 types of backing [high Au, nickel-chromium and A3 shade composite] were made for Cercon zirconia discs. Spectrophotometric evaluation of zirconia discs [on 3 backings] and metal ceramic discs was done. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for data analysis. There were no significant differences between the amounts of L*, a*, b* for Cercon zirconia on different backings [P>0.05]. In comparison between different core groups, a* was significantly higher in metal ceramic groups compared with that of zirconia groups [P<0.05]. Cercon zirconia can completely mask the underlying backing
ABSTRACT
Dental impressions are routinely contaminated with varying amounts of blood and saliva. This study investigated transferability and sustainability of oral flora on irreversible hydrocolloid and elastomeric impression materials. In this experimental study a sterilized maxillary typodont was contaminated through immersing in a solution containing approximately 10[8] bacteria/ml of Staphylococcuse, Streptococcuse and Candida albicans. Impressions were taken of contaminated typodont with irreversible hydrocolloid [Bayer-iralgin], and condensational silicone [Speedex]. The impressions were rinsed with water and were placed in specific culture. The colony growth was investigated and the remainder of viable organisms was estimated. In the next stage of the study, samples were taken from impressions after 30 and 60 minutes, and 3 and 5 hours in order to evaluate the persistence of microorganisms. In the third stage, after preparing microbial suspension, the effectiveness of two different concentration of sodium hypochlorite was investigated in four different times. Kolmogrove-Smirnov, three-way ANOVA, and Tukey-HSD-served for statistical analysis. Type of impression material, time, and type of microorganisms significantly influenced the number of transmitted colonies [P=0.0001]. Also, all interaction effects were statistically significant [P=0.0001]. All tested microorganisms had grown in disinfected alginate and Speedex after immersion in 0.5% NaCIO for one minute, but no bacterial growth was observed in both alginate and Speedex after 3, 5, and 10 minutes immersion. Regarding 0.6% NaCIO, microorganisms were detected only in alginate material Bayer-Iralgin and only after one minute immersion. The results showed hydrocolloidal materials are more capable of carrying microorganisms compared to elastomeric materials specially Iralgin