survey physical activity status of employed women in Hamadan university of medical sciences: the relationship between the benefits, barriers, self-efficacy and stages of change

From the health perspective one of the most important problems in contemporary society is decreasing appropriate physical activity among individuals. Moderate physical activity reduces the risk of mortality and morbidity from heart disease and has a great impact on high blood pressure, diabetes ii, osteoporosis, colon cancer, and obesity. Physical activity can also have positive psychological effects, with lower levels of anxiety and depression thus enhancing self-confidence. In addition, epidemiological studies have shown that physically in active lifestyle increases mortality. Unfortunately, despite much physical and mental health benefits, many people do not exercise adequately. The purpose of this study is to determine the status of physical activity in employed women. This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 230 women employed at Hamedan University of Medical Sciences with stratified sampling among various departments of the university. The data collection tool used in this study was a standardized questionnaire. Finally, using SPSS software version 13 the data were analyzed with Spearman correlation test. The results showed that over 65% of the subjects did not have enough mobility; 25.7% of them had irregular exercise and only 8.7% did daily and regular exercise. Statistically a significant relationship was found between the benefits, barriers, self-efficacy and stages of change [p<0.05]. Due to a high prevalence of inactivity among women, educational classes for women seems to be necessary. Also adequate provision of sports facilities can promote physical activity in women

[SEM evaluation and comparison of marginal integrity of glass-ionomer and composite restorations with immediate or delayed polishing]

Marginal seal in class V cavities and determining the best restorative material to decrease microleakage is of great importance in operative dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polishing time on the microleakage of three types of tooth-colored restorative materials in class V cavity preparations and to assess the marginal integrity of these materials using scanning electron microscope [SEM]. In this in vitro study, class V cavity preparations were made on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 30 bovine incisors [60 cavities]. The specimens were divided into three groups each containing 10 teeth [20 cavities]: group 1, Filtek Z 350 [nanocomposite]; group 2, Fjui IX/G Coat Plus [CGIC]; and group 3, Fuji II LC [RMGI]. In each group, half of the specimens [n=20] were finished/polished immediately and the rest of them were finished/polished after 24 hours. All the specimens were thermocycled for 2000 cycles [5-50 [degree sign] C]. epoxy resin replicas of 12 specimens [2 restorations in each subgroup] were evaluated using SEM and the interfacial gaps were measured. Finally, the teeth were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours at room temperature, sectioned and observed under stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests and the comparison between incisal and cervical microleakage was made with Wilcoxon test. Incisal and cervical microleakage were not affected by polishing time in none of the three restorative materials [P>0.05]. Cervical microleakage only in Fuji IX with immediate polishing was significantly higher than incisal microleakage [P<0.05]. Incisal and cervical microleakage with immediate or delayed polishing were not significantly different in Fuji IX, Fuji II LC, and Z350 [P>0.05]. Immediate polishing is recommended in tooth-colored class V restorations

[Effect of premedication with celecoxib and gelofen on reduction of post-endodontic pain]

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] are the most common drugs prescribed for controlling and post root canal treatment pain. During the last decade, a new generation of NSAIDs has been introduced such as Celecoxib and Gelofen with less gastrointestinal side effects and more analgesic effect. No studies have been performed to compare Celecoxib and Gelofen with other NSAIDs considering the reduction of post-endodontic pain; therefore, this study was designed. In this randomized double blind clinical trial study, 90 patients were divided into 3 groups and underwent root canal therapy. Celecoxib, Gelofen, or placebo was randomized prescribed to the patients 1 hour before treatment. The intensity of pain was recorded using visual analog scale [VAS] at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 hours after completion of root canal treatment. The data were analyzed by means of repeated measurements, multiple comparisons and one way ANOVA tests using SPSS software. P<0.05 was considered as the level of significance. The results showed significant difference between Celecoxib and Gelofen in comparison with placebo at 8 and 12 hours after initiation of treatment. There was no significant difference among three groups at 4, 24, and 48 hours after initiation of treatment [P>0.05]. According to the results, use of Gelofen or Celecoxib before treatment reduces post-endodontic pain. These drugs can be prescribed before initiation of treatment as the effective agents for reduction of post-endodontic pain

[Evaluation of disinifecting of 5% sodium hypochlorite solution diluted to 2:100 along with the use of disposable covers on HBV contaminated dental office surfaces and equipments]

The efficiency of disinfecting materials and procedures in removal of contamination from dental surfaces and equipments is essential. In authors' previous study, daily use of 2:100 dilution of 5% sodium hypochlorite in water and disposable covers were recommended since HBV contamination was found on semi-critical parts of the operative dentistry department. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HBV contamination following application of the recommended procedures. The study was conducted in two parts. In the first cross-sectional part, samples were collected from 17 sites of dental surfaces. In the second interventional part samples were collected from 10 sites of 9 dental and 3 sites of 2 light cure units, before and after disinfection with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution diluted to 2:100. Sterile cotton swabs moistened with sterile BSAS [Bovcine Serum Albumin in Sodium Chloride] solution were used for sampling. Samples were tested by PCR technique in Pasteur Institute, Iran. None of the samples collected in the first part of the study showed contamination. In the second part of the study, from 96 samples taken from various parts of dental and light cure units, before and after disinfecting, there was only on HBV contaminated site before disinfection which showed not contamination after disinfection. Based on the results of this study, disinfecting procedure with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution diluted to 2:100 along with using disposable covers is effective in preventing HB contamination

[Surgically induced astigmatism in sutureless phacoemulsification cataract sugery with clear cornea versus small scleral incisions]

To compare postoperative astigmatism results of sutureless 3.2 mm clear corneal [SSC] and 5.5 mm scleral [SSS] incision in phacoemulsification cataract surgery. This semiexperimental study was performed on 100 eyes of 97 patients. Phacoemulsifcation cataract surgery was perfoimed with foldable acrylic lens implantation with 3.2 mm clear corneal incision [70 cases] and small optic P.M.M.A lens implantation with 5.5 mm scleral incision [30 cases]. Both incisions were made in superior vertical meridian and keratometric alterations were recorded preoperatively and 5 days and 3 months after surgery. Comparisons were made with T test and simple subtraction and polar-value methods. In the SSC group, mean astigmatism increased from 0.81 D [diopter] preoperatively to 1.44 D at 5 days and 1.06 D at 3 months after surgery. It equals to 0.25 D increase in astigmatism 3 months after surgery. In the SSS group, mean astigmatism increased from 1.09 D to 1.12 D at 5 days after surgery and reduced to 1.02 D at 3 months after operation. In other words, there was 0.07 D reduction in mean corneal astigmatism 3 months after surgery. The number of eyes with W.T.R astigmatism decreased from 46 cases before surgery to 15 cases after that and the number of eyes with A.T.R astigmatism increased from 29 cases before surgery to 60 cases after the operation. No significant difference was observed between SSC and SSS incisions regarding surgically induced astigmatism and the amount of surgically induced astigmatism was very low in both groups. Thus we recommend SSC incision for easy phaco cataract surgery