ABSTRACT
Introduction: Job stress is one of the most important factors in physical and psychological conditions in workers and reduces their efficiency. Job stress may affect physicians and nurses as major components of the healthcare system and therefore the quality of healthcare might be affected. Moreover, women are a vulnerable group in society. Therefore, this study aimed to compare job stress in female nurses and female members of the medical group in selected educational hospitals
Methods: In this comparative study, 130 nurses and 70 female members of the medical group of the two teaching hospitals of Isfahan city [Alzahra, Noor and Ali Asghar] were randomly recruited. Inclusion criteria included being female, aged between 22 to 50 years, nurses with bachelor's degrees or higher, interns, residents and general practitioners [Specialist physicians are not included in the study]. Data collection tools included hospital stress questionnaire [HSS] and demographic data form. Data analysis was performed using SPSS16 software. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U and Chi-Square testes were used
Results: the mean stress score was 3.027 +/- 0.453 in female physicians and 2.923 +/- 0.326 in nurses, respectively [p=0.037]. Mean scores of all stress subscales were significantly different in the two groups except for the three subscales of incompetence, role duality and relations with colleagues. In female nurses the biological agents subscale had the highest mean score [4.223 +/- 0.833], while the shift working obtained the highest mean score in the medical group [3.893 +/- 0.951]
Conclusion: This study shows that the mean of overall job stress score were significantly different among female nurses and female physicians. Moreover, mean scores of all stress subscales were significantly different in the two groups except for the subscales of incompetence, role duality and relations with colleagues
ABSTRACT
Inhaled therapy [Sprays] is one of the basic strategies for treatment of asthma. Spray application methods play a significant role on effective asthma management. Therefore education on how to use inhaled therapy is essential. The present study aimed at comparing the impact of education through concept mapping with face to face education on spray application of children with asthma. A controlled clinical trial was conducted with 80 asthmatic children, ranging in age from 6 to 12 years old. They were selected through random allocation. Control group were educated through face to face method and experimental group by visual concept mapping. Pre-test and post-test was taken before and 30 minutes after the intervention. A follow up post-test was taken one month later. Mean scores of second post-test was 6.7 [+/- 2] for control group and 9.5 [+/- 0.7] for experimental group. Independent t-test demonstrated a significant difference between groups [P<0.001]. Moreover, repeated measured ANOVA revealed a rising trend in learning of both groups, but the progress was more obvious in experimental group [P<0.001]. Concept mapping was more effective in educating children with asthma using inhaled therapy than face to face method. Therefore, pediatric nurses and other therapists can employ visual concept mapping in order to increase the effectiveness of their education on spray application of children with asthma
ABSTRACT
Background: the primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) are abnormalities in development and maturation of the immune system and PI patients may experience frequent infections. They may have a significant limitation in their physical and psychological well-being secondary to their illness. The purpose of this study was to describe the survival time of Iranian patients with PI D over a period of 25 years
Materials and Methods: four hundreds and forty six patients with definite diagnosis of PID (based on standard criteria and laboratory tests), attending Allergy and Immunology clinic in Children Medical Center Hospital, ranging in age from 8-18 Years old, were studied and followed. A questionnaire was filled for recording all necessary information
Results: the mean age of all patients (63.2% male and 36.8% female) was 8.66+/- 13.01 years and overall survival time was 47.81+/-1.42 years. 20% of patients were died before 25 years old but about 80% of PID patients could live at least 60 years. The mean survival time in common variable immune deficiency was 42.76+/- 3.23 year, in Bruton disease was 28.42+/-1.99 year, in Hyper IgM disease was 18.04+/-3.65year, in Chronic Granolomatose Disease was 51.77+/-1.93 year, in IgA deficiendy disorder was 27.1+/-1.3 year and in Sever Combined immune deficiency was 4.49+/- 0.71 year
Conclusion: diagnostic delay can result in high mortality and more complications in untreated patients and failure to provide therapy can be a cause of low survival rate in PID patients. Therefore early diagnosis, good control and appropriate treatment will improve the survival rate
ABSTRACT
Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease in the world. To quantify the national prevalence of asthma symptom, we conducted a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis. After internet search for population-based estimates of Asthma prevalence in Iran, 19 papers were selected from 142 articles, dissertations and reports of research projects published between the years 1998-2003. All studies on children performed by ISAAC protocol were found. We entered the data from studies in children to NCSS software. We used funnel plot for publication bias. In the 19 accepted studies on children under the age of 18 years, 61067 children had been checked by the ISAAC protocol. The lowest prevalence of asthma is 2.7% from Kerman and the highest prevalence is 35.4% from Tehran. Overall prevalence of asthma symptoms in children is 13.14%, [95% confidence interval 9.97-16.30], at the national level. Based on this study the prevalence of asthma symptom in Iran is higher than international norms
Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma/diagnosis , Prevalence , Signs and Symptoms , ChildABSTRACT
Common variable immunodeficiency [CVID] is a heterogeneous primary immunodeficiency disorder, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and increased susceptibility to recurrent bacterial infections. To determine the spectrum of infectious complications in patients with common variable immunodeficiency [CVID], we reviewed the hospital records of 64 CVID patients, who were diagnosed in Children's Medical Center during a period of 20 years. Among our patients, there were 38 males and 26 females, with a median age of 12 years [2-42 years] at the time of study. The median age of diagnosis was 6.1 years, with an average diagnostic delay of 5.2 years in our patient's group. Almost all of our patients have suffered from acute and recurrent infections, particularly in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. The majority of patients [82.5%] had pneumonia prior to diagnosis. The other infectious complications seen in our patients were as follows: recurrent otitis media [54%], recurrent sinusitis [50.8%], diarrhea [65.1%], and bacterial meningitis [11.1%]. Unusual or opportunistic infections were also seen in some of our patient population, including oral candidiasis in 10 patients, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 2 subjects. Based on this study, we suggest that hypogammaglobulinemia should be considered in any patient with a history of recurrent infections in different organs, and such patients should have a full assessment of the immune system