[Quality study on the role of academic members in military medical courses with life-long learning approach]

Life- long learning is considered as a main outcome in education and the role of faculty is considered very important. This study was designed to introduce the characteristics and the role of academic members in the training of life- long learners in particular for Military Medical Courses. This study was conducted by utilizing qualitative method. In a purposive sampling twenty one professionals from Education Development Centers were interviewed. Data analysis was carried out using content analysis based on Krippendorff's approach. For data credibility and authentication, we conducted the peer check and external observer method. The obtained results indicated the following factors as important roles for a Faculty member: Facilitator and Mentorship, Role Model, having Competencies of Life-Long Learner, having Professional Competencies, Master of Specific Knowledge and having Tacit Knowledge. According to the important role of academic members, focusing on aimed empowerment necessary skills for academic member is suggested

[Antibiotic resistance pattern of gram negative bacilli caused nosocomial infections in ICUs in khanevadeh and golestan hospital in Tehran -2007]

Between 5 and 10% of patients admitted to acute care hospitals acquire one or more infections, and the risks have steadily increased during recent decades. We conduct our study to determine the distribution of main gram-negative pathogens and their characteristics of drug susceptibility originating from nosocomial infections in the intensive care units. This cross sectional study was conducted on ICU patients of golestan and khanevadeh hospital affiliated to Army University of Medical Sciences from April 2007 to May 2008. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was achieved by disk-agar diffusion. Totally, 510 patients were admitted to ICU, 101 cases of nosocomial infections were identified. The most common isolated organism was E.coli [35/64%] followed by, Klebsiella pneumoniae [24/75%]. The most frequent nosocomial infection was urinary tract infections [76/23%]. The level of resistance was observed for Acinetobacter baumannii strains to almost all antibiotic agents [100%]. However, microorganisms were less resistant to imipenem. The increased prevalence of resistant organism in ICU probably reflects lack of proper antibiotic policy resulting in prolonged and indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agent

Alginate extraction of Pseudomonas aeroginosa and study of penetration of antibiotic agents through alginate using a sandwich cup method

Pseudomonas aeroginosa is one of the most important opportunistic bacteria which produces biofilm. It has been reported that biofilm forming bacteria are more resistant to antibiotic treatment and immunologic response. Biofilms, communities of cells adhering to a surface enclosed in a self-producing polymeric matrix. Biofilms might be responsible for 65%of bacterial infections. In this study we investigated the role of the barrier formed by alginate against antibiotic penetration .Mucoid isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from 2 hospitals and identified by biochemical tests. Strain M214 P. aeruginosa produces more biofilm compared with other strains. Alginate was extracted from mucoid type P. aeruginosa [M214] with method described by Goven. We evaluated the penetration of antibiotics macrolides [azithromycin,erythromycin],aminoglycosides [amikacin,gentamicin] lactames [imipenem,ceftazidem],fluoruqinolones [ciprofloxacin,ofloxacin] through P. aeruginosa [M214] alginate with a sandwich cup method described by Hiromi Kumon indicated that macrolides demonstrated penetration rate 100% .fluroquinolones and lactames demonstrated relatively high penetration rate>85%, whereas aminoglycosides showed low penetration [amikacin=59%,gentamicin=73%]. In this study, the role of alginate as a barrier against antibiotics penetration was proven

[Alginate extration of Pseudomonas aeroginosa and study of penetratuion of antibiotic agents through alginate using a sandwich cup method]

Background: P seudomonas aeroginosa is one of the most important oppourtunistic bacteria which produces biofilm. It has been reported that biofilm forming bacteria are more resistant to antibiotic treatment and immunologic response. Biofilms, communities of cells adhering to a surface enclosed in a self-producing polymeric matrix. Biofilms might be responsible for 65% of bacterial infections

Materials and methods: In this study we investigated the role of the barrier formed by alginate against antibiotic penetration. Mucoid isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from 2 hospitals and identified by biochemical tests. Strain M2 14 P. aeruginosa produces more biofilm compared with other strains. Alginate was extracted from mucoid -type P. aeruginosa [M2 14] with method described by Gaven. We evaluated the penetration of antibiotics macrolides [azithromycin, erythromycin], aminoglycosides [amikacin, gentamicin] lactames [imipenem, ceftazidem], fluoruqinolones [ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin] through P. aeruginosa [M214] alginate with a sandwich cup method described by Hiromi Kuman

Results: The results indicated that macrolides demonstrated penetration rate 100%, fluroquinolones and lactames demonstrated relatively high penetration rate>85%, whereas aminoglycosides showed low penetration [amikacin=59%, gentamicin=73%]

Conclusions: In this study, the role of alginate as a barrier against antibiotics penetration was proven