ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis is one of the main causes of death worldwide. This study aimed to determine predictive factors for death in patients with tuberculosis to set priorities for public heath interventions to reduce mortality in these patients. This nested case-control study was carried out in Mazandaran province of Islamic Republic of Iran among tuberculosis patients who were treated during 2002-2009. Each deceased patient was individually matched with a control patient according to sex, age, area of involvement and time of follow-up. Potential risk factors for death were evaluated using multivariate conditional logistic regression models. From 2206 patients 376 cases and 376 matched controls were selected. Only positive serology for HIV [OR = 19.1], history of kidney disease [OR = 6.81] and use of immunosuppressant drugs [OR = 3.96] significantly increased the risk of death in tuberculosis patients. These potentially modifiable risk factors could be taken into account in preventive interventions for tuberculosis patients in our country
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Case-Control Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Due to the increase of incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Iran, This study was conducted to determine the epidemiological pattern of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the Mazandaran province, northern Iran. This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on medical record of 3313 tuberculosis patients in Mazandaran province, northern Iran during 2001-11. Age, gender, affected year, area and affected organ were gathered for each patient. 843 [25.4%] of subjects were diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis increased by 4% for every unit increase in incidence year [P<0.05]. The mean age of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis was significantly less than patients with pulmonary tuberculosis [42.8 +/- 20.6 years vs. 48.7 +/- 21.2, P<0.05]. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis was significantly higher in women [P<0.05]. The chance of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in women was 1.7 times of men. Lymph node [33%] was the most common affected organ followed by pleura [18.9%] and bone [17.7%]. The trend of incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis was ascending during 2001 to 2011. The most affected organ in extra pulmonary tuberculosis was lymph nodes
ABSTRACT
Aran-bidgol Lake is one of the hypersalin lakes in Iran that is full of black mud in most seasons. Studies have shown that this type of mud is rich in minerals and natural antibiotics, and has the potential to be used in the treatment of various diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of black mineral mud isolated from Aran Bidgol salt Lake, on several common antibiotic resistant pathogens. We used XRD and XRF tests to investigate the physicochemical properties of the mud. We prepared serial mud concentrations of 0.01 to 0.6 g/ml in Mueller Hinton Agar and used minimal bactericidal concentration [MBC] test to investigate the antibacterial activity of the mud, against drug-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, E. coli and S. aureus. Comparison of the physicochemical properties of this mud with those of the commercial sample [Fango] showed that the percentages of inorganic compounds are similar in the mud isolated from Aran-Bidgol Lake and Fango mud, but the percentages of Na[+] and Cl[-] ions were higher in Aran-Bidgol mud sample. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the Aran-Bidgol mud showed that more than 90% of the strains were susceptible to the mud at MBC 4 g/ml. According to the results of this study, this mud is suitable for the successful commercial purposes and use in mud therapy clinics