[ effect of trans-chalcone on amylase activity, blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic and non diabetic rats]

Alpha amylase is the most important decomposing enzyme in starch. Digestion and absorption of starch in the intestine can be prevented and also the blood sugar levels can be controlled by restrain and control of alpha amylase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of trans-chalcone on amylase activity, blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic and non diabetic rats. This experimental study was conducted in 1388 at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Sixty rats were randomly divided to ten equal groups: non diabetic control, diabetic control, four non diabetic experiments and four diabetic experiments. Control groups received grape seed oil and experimental groups received 2, 8,16 and 32 mg/kg of body weight in a period of 24 days with a gastric cannula. Blood sugar, every two days, serum insulin levels in days 0,12, and 24 and at the end of the experiment, lipoproteins and alpha amylase activity were measured. The data were analyzed by one way analysis of variance, ANOVA, followed by Turkeys test with SPSS soft ware. On average Chalcone reduced 25.5% of blood sugar in normal and diabetic rats. IT also decreased the serum insulin level. On average, chalcone decreased 34.9% of alpha amylase activity in normal and diabetic rats. Following disturbances in lipids metabolism caused by diabetes, this drug improved lipoproteins metabolism and reduced water, food and urine volume. This study shows that trans-Chalcone reduces blood sugar and body weight via inhibition of alpha amylas. Moreover, improvement of lipoprotein metabolism may happen via the inhibitory effect of this drug on hydroxyl methyl glutaryl -COA reductase and phosphodiesterase

[Comparison of sensitivity and specificity of transvaginal sonography, saline infusion sonohysterography and hysteroscopy in evaluation of women with abnormal uterine bleeding]

Bleeding disorders are a common problem in daily practice, especially in premenopausal women. In our investigation, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of three different diagnostic methods; Trans-vaginal sonography [TVS], saline infusion sonohystrography [SIS] and Hysteroscopy. It was a cross-sectional study with a study population of ninety-nine women suffering from AUB attending the outpatient clinic of Imam and Razi hospital in Ahvaz-Iran. They were evaluated by three different diagnostic methods and the results were compared. This study started from March 2008 to December 2008. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values were measured in TVS, SIS, and finally these two methods were compared with hysteroscopy [as a gold standard]. The sensitivity and specificity of TVS was 74.2% and 49.7%, respectively, while that of SIS was 91.6% and 86%, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of TVS was 71.9% and 54.3%, respectively, while that of SIS was 85.9% and 85.75%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive and negative predictive values of SIS was more than TVS, and it was similar to hysteroscopy. The findings obtained in the present study indicate that in AUB, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of SIS is more than TVS and therefore can be considered as a first step for diagnosis of AUB

Transvaginal sonography and cervical length changes in normal pregnancy

Transvginal sonography [TVS] is the gold standard for investigating cervical Length. The aim of this study was investigation of cervical length changes during normal pregnancy by TVS. This epidemiotogical study was carried out from 22[en] April 2006 to 21[st] April 2007 on 150 pregnant women who had contacted Ahwaz Imam Khomani Hospital. Cervical Length changes in normal pregnancies were studied by TVS in three trimesters. Gestational age of studied population was 8 to 37 weeks. Anova and Chi Square tests were used for statistical analysis. In the 2[nd] trimester the cervical length was at minimum [26mm] and mean cervical length was [40.72 mm]. In the 1[st] trimester cervical length was the maximum of [56 mm] and mean cervical Length was [39.03 mm]. Mean cervical length was the shortest [37.83 mm] in the under 20 years and longest [40 mm] in the over 35 year's age group. Transvaginal Sonography is useful, for cervical length evaluations and management of preterm deliveries and cervical insufficiency

Comparison of frequency vaginal and cesarean deliveries

We investigated the rate of vaginal childbirth and Cesarean and its causes in maternity wards of Imam Khomeini Educational Hospital in Ahwaz the capital city of Khuzestan Province and Al- Hadi Hospital in Shoostar as a traditional city. In this comparative descriptive study data were obtained from medical records of birth deliveries in six months [March to September] in year 2007. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results show a total rate of 29% Cesarean and 71% vaginal childbirth in hospitals. The rate of Cesarean in Imam and Al -Hadi Hospitals was 23% and 33%, respectively. The main cause of Cesarean in Imam and Al-Hadi Hospitals was failure of labor progression [35% and 33%, respectively]. Most Cesarean s were occurred in an age range of 20-25 yr. Comparing with international acceptable rate [20-22%], Cesarean rate in both hospitals was high. It seems special attention should be made by persons, committees or organizations in charge of community health to child birth practices in both hospitals

Vaginal child birth and cesarean frequencies in Imam Khomeini hospital in sevsen years intervae [2000, 2006]

To study the cesarean rate and its indication after seven years interval in Imam Hospital in Ahwaz, the capital of Khuzestan province, Iran and compare it with national and international acceptable rates. The study covers six month duration in years 2000 and 2006. Data was obtained from 3096 deliveries from medical records during the past seven years 2002-2006. In a period of six month of years 2000 and 2006, 1107 and 1989 child births occurred respectively. The rate of cesarean section in both years was about 34%. In 2000 the main indication for cesarean section was previous cesarean section [60%] while in 2006 it was cephalous pelvic disproportion [31%]. Elective cesarean section rate in 2000 was 34% while in 2006 it decreased to 7%. Most cesareans were done in an age group of 20 -30 years. The incidence of cesarean section in both studied durations is higher as per WHO standards of 15%. However the elective cesarean has decreased during seven years, but the whole rate remains constant

Comparing the effect of intravenous midazolam with rectal sodium valproate in controlling of children wit refractory sttus epilepticus

Refractory status epilepticus usually defined as a seizure lasting at least 60 minutes which is uncontrollable by Diazepam, Phenytoin, or Phenobarbital. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of interavenous Midazolam and rectal Sodium valproate in controlling refractory status epilepticus. In this case-control study; 76 children with [mean age of 37 +/- 20 months] with refractory status epilepticus were randomly divided into two groups to receive IV Midazolam and rectal Sodium Valproate. The effect of the two drugs were compared in control of seizure during first 20 minutes of treatment. In 84.2 percent of children treated with IV Midazolam, the seizure was under control within 4.5 +/- 0.5 minutes, while in 63 percent of those receiving Sodium Valproate, the seizure was completely controlled within 16.5 +/- 0.8 minutes [P<0.00001]. The IV Midazolam was more effective than Sodium valproate, but the latter can be used in hospitals or pediatric emergency wards without ICU for controlling of refractory status epilepticus