[A review of the effect of olive oil and its individual components on preventing or curing some diseases]

The main components of olive oil include oleic acid, phenolics compounds [hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and oleuropein] and squalene. Studies have demonstrated that the phenolic compounds of olive oil have positive effects on certain physiological parameters, such as plasma lipoproteins, oxidative damage, inflammatory markers, platelet and cellular function and antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to review studies on the health benefits of olive oil. Related articles in English were searched in Pubmed, Science direct, Google scholar, Springer, Wiley Online Library and Elsevier in human, animal, in vitro and in vivo studies. Results showed a lower incidence of coronary heart disease [by antithrombotic properties and improving lipid profiles, vascular function, blood pressure and oxidative stress] and certain cancers [mainly breast, colorectal and prostate cancers]. Olive oil was found to lead to modification of immune and inflammatory responses. Oleocanthal, a phenolic compound in virgin olive oil, has possesses anti-inflammatory properties similar to ibuprofen. Olive oil also appears to have a role in bone mineralization. In studies on rats, tyrisol, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein significantly increased bone formation and can hence be used as effective remedies in the treatment of osteoporosis symptoms. The beneficial effects of olive oil are attributed to its monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFA] and phenolic compounds

[Toxic epidermal necrosis syndrome after taking Phenytoin; a case report]

Introduction: the toxic epidermal necrosis syndrome is defined as severe skin and mucosal reactions which usually appears by some drugs such as phenytoin. Case Presentation: a 35-year-old man who consumed phenytoin hospitalized due to diffuse mucocutaneous lesions and bullous lesions. After diagnosing its etiology, therapeutic actions were done similar to severe burns which led to improvement of wounds and discharging from the hospital.

Conclusion: finding the etiology of every disease is crucial step in its treatment. When the disease is caused by drug, it is necessary to discontinue immediately consumption of this and start treatment.

[ epidemiologic status of scorpion stings in Qom province, 2001-2011]

In the tropical regions of Iran, scorpion stings are one of the most important medical and health problems. Knowing about their epidemiologic aspects might lead to the employment of appropriate preventive methods. Therefore, these studies were done in Qom province for this purpose. This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study which has been done in all of the urban and rural areas of Qom province from 2001 to 2011, and all the cases which were referred to the only available hospital were assessed, examined, treated and subsequently followed. Finally, a questionnaire including demographic, epidemiologic and clinical data was completed for the patients. Chi square tests were used for the evaluation of the hypothesis. In total, 790 cases of scorpion stings were referred to the hospital during the period of study. Most of the cases were males [60.25%] in the 10-24 age groups. The most cases occurred during spring and summer. Hands and feet were the most common location of scorpion stings. 18.7% of envenomed cases were due to black scorpions. 74.4% of cases were from rural regions. 77.2% of the sufferers slept outdoors and on the ground. 20.5% of cases were surrounded by timber, dust and building materials. Based on these findings, scorpion stings are considered a public health problem in Qom province. Consequently, it is necessary to introduce health education programs for personal protection, in order to prevent possible injuries from scorpions, especially for the boy students that reside in rural areas. Also the villagers should use proper beds to sleep in the outdoors.

[Effect of education workshop on interns' knowledge of childhood nutrition and growth monitoring in Qazvin Medical School]

This interventional study was carried out to determine the effect of education workshop on interns' knowledge of Qazvin Medical School over childhood nutrition and growth monitoring in 2003-2004. All medical trainees [191] doing their health course on childhood nutrition and growth monitoring were selected. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by Macnemar test. Based on results obtained in the present study, while 6.8% of interns were classified as having good knowledge before taking part in education workshop it reached to 63.9% after intervention [P<0.05].Furthermore, the two other groups of participants initially categorized as having intermediate [30.9%] and poor [62.3%] knowledge before the intervention decreased to 28.2% and 7.9%, respectively [P<0.05]. Results from this study emphasize on the necessity of holding workshop for medical students to promote their knowledge and experience associated with nutrition and growth monitoring chart

[Factors affecting the determination of secondary sex ratio]

Secondary sex ratio [SSR], i.e. the gender ratio of fetuses reaching viability has faced a declining trend in most societies in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the contributing factors such as season of conception, type of pregnancy, housing conditions, monthly income and financial stress on SSR in Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 202 couples with children under one year old were studied. They were selected using two stage random sampling method from two healthcare centers in Tehran. Financial stress of parents was assessed based on a valid questionnaire. Data regarding other variables were gathered through a checklist. Uni-and multi-variate logistic regression tests were used to analyze the data [p<0.05]. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed a significant relationship between financial stress test score [OR=1.056, p=0.024] and rental housing [OR=1.89, p=0.029] and female newborns. Financial stress not only has physical and moral consequences, but also might play a major role in determining the sex ratio of future generations. Therefore, it is highly important that more effective guidelines be considered for improving welfare conditions and solving the housing problem

Prevalence of rotavirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus infections among patients with acute gastroenteritis in, Northern Iran

The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis associated with diarrheal diseases in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. A total of 400 symptomatic cases from patients with acute gastroenteritis from Mazandaran Province in Iran were screened using EIA method for the presence of rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus during 2005-2006. Chi-square tests were used for testing relationships between different variables. Rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus were detected in 62%, 2.3%, and 3% of samples, respectively. The maximum rate of rotaviruses was detected in the<1-year-old age group, while minimum rate was found in the 10 years and older age group. Astrovirus and adenovirus were detected predominantly in the 2-5-year-old age group of children, with a prevalence of 8.3% and 3.5% respectively. All studied viral gastroenteritis peaked in the winter, and minimum rate were found in summer. Our statistical analyzes indicated that viral gastroenteritis, especially Rota-viral, had the highest number of occurrences in colder seasons notably in winter and more frequently were observed among younger children

Antiviral effect assay of twenty five species of various medicinal plants families in Iran

Medicinal plants have been traditionally used for different kinds of ailments including infectious diseases. There is an increasing need for substances with antiviral activity since the treatment of viral infections with the available antiviral drugs often lead to the problem of viral resistance. There is a need to search for new and more effective antiviral agents, therefore in the present study 25 plants with ethno-medical background from different families were screened for antiviral activity against HSV-1, Adenovirus type 5, Echovirus type 11, Measles virus and Rotavirus. Different parts of the plants collected from Iran were extracted with aqueous solvents to obtain crude extracts. These extracts were screened for their cytotoxicity against Vero, BSC-1, Hep-II and RD cell lines by micro-culture neutral red dye absorption and microscopically follow up for CPE. Antiviral properties of the plant extracts were determined by cytopathic effect inhibition assay and plaque reduction assay. Four plants extract; Nymphea alba, Rhus coriaria L., Chelidonium majus and Terminalia chebula Retz exhibited significant antiviral activity against HSV-1 and adenovirus type 5 at non-toxic concentration. The extracts of Chelidonium majus showed great anti viral activity against HSV-1 and partial activity against adenovirus at higher concentrations. Some of the medicinal plants have shown antiviral activity. Further research is needed to elucidate the active constituents of these plants which may be useful in the development of new and effective antiviral agents

Related factors with women's body Mass Index [BMI] in Isfahan

Today prevalence of overweigh and obesity is increasing in most parts of the world. Obesity plays an important role in creating health poverty in women and decreasing life span. The most common formula to assess physical health is body mass index [BMI]. The present research was conducted to determine related factors [personal and reproductive characteristics] with women's BMI. This was a descriptive-analytic study in which data were collected cross-sectional. The samples were 384 people in Isfahan. They were selected by cluster sampling and referred to 10 health centers in the city. In this research, the evaluation instruments were a questionnaire and the tools of measuring height and weight which were standard and unique. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive-analytic statistical methods. The results showed that there was significant statistical relation between age, education level, family economic situation, menarche age, the number of pregnancies and deliveries, OCP [LD] use of LO contraceptives and history of deliveries with less than two years interval and BMI [P<0.05]. Acquainting the women with the related factors with BMI [Age, menarche age, etc], creating a situation for women to continue their education in different levels, training the women to limit pregnancy and delivery numbers and preventing deliveries with less than a two-year interval through mass media can be helpful to prevent overweight and obesity in women

[Prevalence of Hepatitis C virus antibody and related risk factors among hemodialysis patients in markazi province [2004]]

A high prevalence of HCV infection among hemodialysis patients has been reported worldwide. Risk factors such as history of blood transfusion, duration of hemodialysis and recently nosocomial transmission of HCV in hemodialysis units have been identified. In this study the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus antibody and risk factors in hemodialysis patients in Markazi province is investigated. In this cross-sectional analythical study, blood samples were obtained from all 204 hemodialysis patients. Samples were tested for anti-HCV antibodies by using third generation enzyme immunoassay. The reactive samples on ELISA were confirmed by the third generation RIBA. Risk factors were evaluated by a questionnaire. Data was analysed using Chi square and logistic regression. The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody among hemodialysis patients was 4.9%. Duration of hemodialysis was identified as a major risk factor in transmission of HCV [p=0.004]. There was a significant relationship between anti-HCV positivity and previous renal transplantation [p=0.032]. Female sex was another risk factor for HCV infection [p=0.030]. There was no significant relationship between anti-HCV positivity and history of blood transfusion. Nosocomial transmission of HCV within hemodialysis units seems to be a route of infection in patients on hemodialysis in Markazi province. Application of dialysis precautions recommended by CDC can reduce the prevalence of HCV infection among hemodialysis patients in this province

[Evaluating the association between spouses' fertility desires and lactating mothers' desired contraceptive method]

Mothers' desires and behaviors in postpartum period for choosing a contraceptive methods are different. Apparently, fertility is a strong predictor for the desire of using a contraceptive method. This curent research aims to determine the association between fertility desire of spouses and lactating mothers' desired contraceptive method. This research is a cross-sectional study. The samples of this study comprised 383 lactating mothers referring to Isfahan health centers for family planning sevices for the first time delivery. The sampling method was simple random sampling and the data were collected with a questionnaire.SPSS and EPI soft wares and descriptive and analytic statistical methods [ANOVA, Chi2 and Fisher exact test] have been used in order to analyse the data. Results showed that the desire for the last pregnancy, women' desires about number of the children, and their sex and husbands' desires about number of children are significantly related to the desired contraceptive method [P< 0.05]. On the basis of the results, knowledge of lactating mothers about various contraceptive metods must increase in family planning consultations. In this case, we should especially pay more attention to women who desire more children

[Womens' body image during pregnancy]

Pregnancy is a period of time in that significant changes occur in the body image of most of the women. These changes can have a lot of effects on mother's and child's health. Knowing about the experiences of women in this period yields a better understanding of their health conditions. So, it is essential to conduct a qualitative research to analyse their feelings and experiences about their bodies during pregnancy. The aim of this research is describing pregnant women's experiences about their body image. This is a qualitative phenomenological survey. The population studied was composed of pregnant women referring to Enghelab 19, Amirhamzeh and Navabsafavi clinics in Isahan. The sampling was purposeful with 12 subjects. The data were collected during 4 months by in-depth interview methods. The data were analysed by Collaizzi seven stage method. The findings of research were classified in 125 codes and two categories as: 1]. Changes without satisfaction, 2]. Changes with satisfaction. According to the research findings, pregnant women experience various changes in the appearance of their bodies. Attention of health care providers to these changes during pregnancy and providing pregnant women and her relatives with necessary trainingin this period can have significant effects on their mental health

[Postpartum physico-sexual problems and related factors]

Awareness of postpartum physico-sexual problems and its related factors could help better postpartum care. The aim of this study was to determine postpartum physico-sexual problems and its related factors. This cross-sectional study was performed on 384 women referred to 12 health centers in Isfahan for the first time after delivery. For each person a questionnaire was filled by interview. Data was analyzed by t-test and chi square test. The results showed that most of the women [77.6%] suffered from physico-sexual problems: 2% complained of vaginal dryness during coitus, 3.7% of perineal pain [in the place of episiotomy or laceration], 14.5% of decline or lack of sexual desire, 24.9% of tiredness and 54.9% of a combination of these problems. There was significant statistical relation between number of delivery, number of Regarding the high prevalence of women suffering from physico-sexual problems during postpartum period, health authorities should plan to deal with such problems. Therefore, health personnel can get familiar with these problems and know how to manage and deal with the primipara women

norm of women two anthropometric indices in Isfahan

Two simple anthropometric indices are Waist Circumference [WC] and Waist to Hip Ratio [WHR] for estimating body fat distribution. Especially in recent years these methods are emphasized compared to other methods, because they are cheap, easy to use at home or health centers, easy to calculate and high measurement accuracy. The present research is conducted to determine the norm of women WC and WHR, since there is no estimation and figure in regard with indices in women reproductive ages of Isfahan. This is a descriptive study, in which data collecting is cross-sectional. The samples are 740 people in Isfahan.They were selected by clustering sampling and invited to 10 health centers in this city. In this research the evaluation instruments are questionnaire and standard meter tape. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive statistical methods. Results indicated that the mean, median and standard deviation of women [19 to 53 years] WC were X=84.62, median=84 and SD=10.32, respectively, the minimum and maximum of women WC were 60 and 126 cm, respectively. Also the mean, median and standard deviation of women WHR were X=0.82, median = 0.82 and SD=5.91, respectively. The minimum and maximum of women WHR were 0.63 and 0.99, respectively. Therefore, the norm of women WC index in Isfahan is 84 cm and the norm of their WHR is 0.82. Comparing the determined norm of women WC and WHR indices in Isfahan to the determined norms in other countries, it shows genetic, racial, geographical and environmental [physical activities and diet] differences. Women are encouraged to take exercises and be more active. Also, we recommend them to improve meal patterns and their diet

[ related factors with lactating mothers' desires for choosing contraceptive method]

Introduction: One of the important factors for contraceptive choice is personal desires. There are various factors affecting mothers' desire in choosing contraceptive method in postpartum period. These factors cause two different mothers in the same conditions not to desire to use the same method. The aims of this research are determining lactating mothers' desires for choosing contraceptive method and the related factors

Methods: This study is a descriptive analytical cross sectional research type. The samples for this study are 384 lactating mothers referring to family planning services for the first time after delivery in Isfahan health centers. The sampling method was convenience and the data were collected with a questionnaire by interview. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods have been used in order to analyze the data in SPSS and EPI soft wares

Results: The findings indicated that the most common desired contraceptive method in lactating mothers was coitus interrupts [27.4%]. Also the following variables are as husbands, number of parity and alive children, age of the latest child, having knowledge of contraceptive methods and marital duration [P<0.05]

Discussion: Lactating mothers desires should be investigated in family planning consultation and the mothers should be obliged to avoid using contraceptive method with high failure rate [coitus interrupts]

[Norm of women body mass index [BMI] in Isfahan]

Introduction: A simple indicator of total body fat is Body Mass Index [BMI]. This indicator is suggested as an accurate instrument to evaluate total body fat, because it is cheaper, easier to use by the patient and health personnel, easy to be calculated as well as to use to measure weight and height precisely. The present research is conducted to determine the norm of women BMI as well as their personal and reproductive characteristics, since there is no research in regard with BMI in women reproductive ages of Isfahan

Methods: This is a descriptive study, in which data collecting is cross - sectional. The samples were 384 people in Isfahan selected by clustering sampling and referred to 10 health centers in this city. In this research, the evaluation instruments are a questionnaire, adult standard scales and standard meter tape. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive statistical method

Results: Results indicated that the Mean, Median and Standard Deviation of women BMI were = 26.78, Median = 26.2 and SD = 4.46, respectively. The Minimum and Maximum of women BMI were 17 kg / m[2] and 43.5 kg/m[2], respectively. Also it was determined that in 48.4% of women, BMI was less than 26.2 kg/m[2] while in 51.6% equal or more than 26.2 kg/m[2]

Discussion: Median of women BMI in Isfahan compared with the available statistics from other parts of the world including the USA and Canada was higher [Median = 25]. Perhaps this difference is due to some factors such as genetic, race, geographical status, lack or insufficiency of physical activity as well as incorrect nutritional patterns. So, the women are recommended to take exercises, have more activity, improve nutritional patterns to stay physically fit and prevent overweight and obesity. In order to prevent overweight and obesity, women's BMI should be determined by health personnel and if necessary they should be referred to a nutritionist