ABSTRACT
Parasitic infection is one of the major health problems in the world. This study aimed at comparing the accuracy of two methods of direct examination and Formalin-Ether to detect the presence of parasitic infection among health-card applicants in Shahroud city, 2011. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 801 patients seeking health-card. From each patient, three consecutive stool samples were taken and investigated, using direct examination and formalin-ether method, The use of formalin-ether method in recognizing the parasitic infection specially Giardia lamblia and Entamobea coh'is more than the direct method. The formalin-ether method is a more sensitive method than the direct method. But in circumstances that is urgency to respond or aims to see the shape of trophozoite, the use of direct method is recommended
ABSTRACT
Vegetables are one of the most important components of daily food. Contamination of vegetables with heavy metals might ends to accumulate in the body, therefore in this study the level of lead, chromium, cadmium, arsenic and zinc in cultural vegetables of Shahroud suburb were measured in 1387. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 150 vegetable samples through 3 months, 50 for each month, were randomly harvested. Atomic absorption instrument was used to determine the amount of mentioned heavy metals after sample preparation, SPSS whit 0.05 was used for statistically data analyzing. For vegetables the average value of Pb, Cr and Cd in different vegetables were different from each other and P value was less than<0.001. There are no significant amounts of Arsenic concentration. The value of these metals with 95% acceptable level was in the range of satisfaction. Arsenic didn't have that much of error of its contamination Except Zn and As other metals like Cr, Cd and Pb were above the standard zone by FAO and WHO. The wastewaters of urban and industrial facilities are the main reason for this problem. The best suggestion is using pure water for this purpose