[ evaluation of application of coordination based disaster response model in Rajaye hospital disaster preparedness]

Introduction: Disaster management role in the acquisition of hospital preparedness for responding to disasters plays. Coordination is the most problem of disaster management in Iran. Therefore in this study, Coordination Based Disaster Response Model as a practical solution, was investigated. The aim of the present study was The Evaluation of application of Coordination Based Disaster Response Model in Rajaye Hospital Disaster Preparedness in 1388

Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study in Shiraz Shahid Rajaye, the study population consisted of all members of the Committee Against Crisis [15]. The data were collected using Khankeh checklist that the validity and reliability was investigated [P=0.86]. Bigining perform earthquakes Table top maneuver in simulated condition and "disaster preparedness" questionnaire complete [baseline] than one-day disaster management workshop and the establishment of disaster management model based on coordination were preformed. A month after workshop, hospital preparedness measured by first questionnaire. Information obtained by using descriptive statistics were compared

Results: Research findings show that scores in all sections of the questionnaire [coordination, planning, organization, training, and ...] have increased. The total score of 29.56 in pre test was increased to 86.84 in post test [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the use of Coordination Based Disaster Response Model increase hospital preparedness, with regard to the important role of nurses in disaster management this model can be used by nursing managers

[ effect of spiritual-religious group therapy on mental status of schizophrenic inpatients]

Schizophrenia is one of the complex psychiatric disorders. Although the antipsychotic agents are the main treatment for the disorder, but psychological interventions are effective on clinical symptoms as well. The study aimed at assessing the effect of spiritual-religious group therapy on mental status of schizophrenic patients. Using semi-experimental study method 67 patients with schizophrenia were selected through Randomized Permuted Block method. They were divided to intervention [32 patients] and control [35 patients] groups. Intervention group were participated in 12 sessions of Spiritual Religious Group Therapy within 4 weeks [3 sessions per week]. Each session lasted one hour. Data was collected through a Demographic Information Questionnaire and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale [BPRS]. Statistical Analysis was carried out, using Paired T-Test and One Sample T-Test. Significant differences were found between patients' mental status before and after the intervention [P=0.001], whilst the difference was not significant in the control group [P=0.268]. There were no significant differences between intervention and control groups prior to the intervention [P=0.093]. Spiritual Religious Group Therapy can be effective on improvement of the mental status of schizophrenic Patients

Onset latency of vastus medialis obliques and vastus lateralis in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: open or closed chain terminal knee extension exercise

This study was performed to compare the effects of open and closed chain terminal knee extension exercises on onset latency of vastus medialis obliques [VMO] and vastus lateralis [VL], pain and function in subjects diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome [PFPS]. In a pretest and posttest 5-week intervention study, 26 subjects diagnosed with PFPS and 13 healthy subjects were studied. Subjects diagnosed with PFPS were divided into two groups. One group [n=13] participated in a 5-week rehabilitation program consisted of open chain terminal knee extension exercise and the other group's program [n=13] consisted closed chain terminal knee extension exercise. Electromyographic onsets of VMO and VL collected during step up and step down tasks performed during the pretest and posttest. A Visual analog scale [VAS] and Lysholm questionnaire were administered at pretest and posttest. Analysis of variance was used to compare the three groups. T-test and paired t-test were also used for statistical analysis. VMO and VL onsets timing in PFPS groups were significantly more than those in the control group at the base line [P<0.05]. VMO and VL onset timing differences [VL electromyographic onset minus VMO electromyographic onset] significantly decreased and VAS and Lysholm scores significantly improved for subjects diagnosed with PFPS after intervention [P<0.05]. There was no significant difference between the outcomes of two intervention programs in patients with PFPS. Subjects diagnosed with PFPS responded favorably and quickly to therapeutic exercises program that incorporated open and closed chain exercises

[Effect of time management training on work-family conflict among hospital nurses]

The present research attempted to investigate the effect of time management training on work-life conflict among two hospitals' nurses. In this randomized trial, we recruited all nurses of two public hospitals [n=106] in Hamadan and Tehran according to the inclusion criteria. We used balanced [permuted] block randomization for assigning the study sample into control [n=53] and intervention [n=47] groups. Six individuals did not participate in the study. Data were collected using two instruments: 1] work-family conflict scale; and 2] time management behaviors scale. For content validity, ten experts in the field of the study commented on the items. The reliability coefficients [Cronbach's alpha] for these scales were 0.86 and 0.75, respectively. All participants completed the questionnaires at baseline. The time management skills were taught in the intervention group for eight hours. One month later, all participants in two groups completed the questionnaires again. Considering the baseline characteristics, the groups were homogenous. Independent sample t-test indicated no significant differences between the two groups in all dimensions before the intervention [P>0.05]. There was significant difference between two groups in the work-family conflict after the intervention [P<0.001]. Also, the paired t-test showed significant difference in work-family conflict before and after the intervention in the intervention group [P<0.001]. According to our findings in the present research, time management training intervention had positive effect on work-family conflict among hospital nurses

[ impact of the mothers' nutritional education on 12-30 months toddlers food pattern]

Considering the importance of nutrition in early years and mothers' prominent role, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of nutritional education to mothers on 12-30 months toddlers food pattern. In this quasi-experimental study subjects were consisted of 242 mothers with their 12-30 months toddlers who were referring to health-care centers in Tehran, Iran, in 2006. After defining the number of the samples, allocation of each health-care center was done by PPS method and then sequentially distributed into two groups, intervention and control. Data collection was done in two stages: at the beginning of the study and one month after intervention by three tools 1] questionnaire 2] scale 3] tape meter. During three months, mothers who participated in nutrition education program completed the FFQ. The researcher gave adequate comments to intervention group by face to face teaching. Data analyzing was done by chi-square, paired t.test and analysis of variance of repeated measures. Before intervention, condition of food score was 6.850 and Z score was 2.789. After intervention, the condition of food score was 7.893 and Z score was found to be 1.722. Before the intervention, in both groups, meat, fat, and sugar consumption was higher than normal ranges. After the intervention, fruit and vegetable consumption was increased. Before intervention, the condition of food questionnaire score was in middle range in two groups while the condition in intervention group was increased after intervention. Z score before intervention in two groups shows overweight, but after the intervention losing of weight was seen

effects of child and parent eating style on obesity of school age girls

The research has shown that there is relationship between obesity in childhood and adulthood, and also, there is a direct relationship between obesity of parent, eating style and habit in family, and children obesity. This study was conducted to examine the effects of eating style of child and parent on obesity of school age girls. This research was quasi-experimental study. The sample size included 97 healthy school age girls with BMI percentile above 85% in Shahriar city. They were randomly allocated to either experimental or control group [50 children in the control group and 47 children in experimental group]. The samples in experimental group and their mothers received behavioral modification teaching in 7 sessions and 16 week fallow up was accomplished. Before intervention and also after intervention [every month for 3 months], BMI percentile was recorded for samples of both groups. The samples also completed eating style questionnaire before and after intervention and their mothers did so. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of BMI percentile [P=0.015]. There was no statistical significant difference between two groups in terms of eating style of child and mother [P < 0.05]. Eating style of parent and child has an effect on child obesity and modification of eating style in parent and child is effective in treatment of obesity in children

[ effects of slow stroke back massage on hypertension in elderly]

The effect of slow stroke back massages on anxiety, primigravid women experiencing pregnancy can cause several problems. Different forms of Anxiety in pregnant women are the basis in producing most of these problems, particular for primigravid women. While most these women are not prepared for these problems, author studied the effect of slow stroke back massages on anxiety, primigravid women in Shiraz hospitals, in 2007. Results of this study can be used for decision making and planning for these groups. this study is a experimental research was carried out in ZEINABIEH and HAFEZ hospitals foundation for labor women. Population of this study was 80 primigravid women [15 - 35 years old age] referred with these centers in 3rd trimester of current pregnancy. The intervention consisted of ten minutes of slow stroke back massage [SSBM] for three consecutive mornings [between 9 - 11 o'clock]. Anxiety level measured before and immediately after of intervention for two groups. Instruments for data collection were client demographic characteristic and Spielberger questionnaire. Data were analyzed by use of chi - esquare, mann Whitney test, paired t - test, independent statistic test [T test], kolmogorov - smornov test. Mean and std. deviation of anxiety level before of intervention in experimental and control groups regularly were 51, 6/65 and 49/9, 6/60. After massage planning mean and std. deviation in experimental and control groups regularly were 48/18, 6/52 and 51/5, 7/39. Different between two group was significant in 95% level [p= 0/036]. according the results, author suggest that SSBM is an effective nursing intervention for decrease anxiety level, primigravid women. Therefore this nursing practice provides an opportunity for nurses and family caregivers to provide more individualized and holistic patient care

Comparison of persian simple vowels production in cochlear implanted children based on implantation age

Age at implantation is one of the most important factors in improving speech and language skills in children with cochlear implants. Moreover, good vowel articulation is very important in the speech. So, the purpose of this research was to determine whether age at cochlear implantation influences the production of Persian simple vowels when cochlear implantation is undertaken below the age of 2 years as compared with cochlear implantation later in life. This research was a comparative and cross-sectional study. Based on inclusive and exclusive criteria [i.e., have physical and mental health, monolingual or bilingual, have 9 +/- 1 months post-surgery rehabilitation, no hearing handicapped parents and no medical problems history], 140 children who cochlear implanted in Amir-Alam and Hazrate Rasool hospital of Tehran city were selected by convenient sampling and assigned to two groups, children implanted under the age of 2 years and those implanted above the age of 2 years Also 238 normally hearing children were selected for control group by randomized sampling. The first and second formant frequency [Fl and F2] of the Persian simple vowels /i, e, ae, a, o, u/ were evaluated by the version of 1.2 of SFSwin software. Data were analyzed by Independent T test. The findings indicated that there were significant differences between two groups in the mean of F2/i/ [P=0.046], Fl/e/ [P=0.011], F2/e/ [P=0.005], F2/a3/ [P-0.039], F2/a/ [P-0.012], F2/o/ [P=0.012] and F2/u/ [P=0.006], but there was no significant difference between them in the mean of Fl/i/, Fl/ae/, Fl/a/, Fl/o/, Fl/u/ [P>0.05]. According to these results, no significant difference was seen between normal group and children who received their cochlear implants under the age of 2 years in the mean of variables [P>0.05]. Observing significant differences in the quality of the production of Persian simple vowels between children implanted under the age of 2 years and children who received their implants after the age of 2 years, and no significant differences between children who implanted before 2 years of age and normally hearing children is in the favor of the positive effect of early cochlear implantation on speech sound development. Also, the results indicate that when performed under the ages of 2 years, cochlear implantation can prevent from vowels distortions in the speech flow of the receivers

Effect of aerobic exercises on depression among Adult Women

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders affects 20 million adults every year. Antidepressant medication and psychotherapy are commonly used for these patients. It seems necessary to promote alternative methods in regards of tardiness and side effects of these therapies. This study investigated the aerobic exercise effects on depression among adult women. In this quasi experimental study, 82 participants met criteria for depression based on a Beck Depression Inventory. 41 women participated in aerobic exercise program. These sessions lasted 3 hours a week for 4 weeks. Control group [n = 41] did not participate in any exercise activity. The results revealed significant improvement in depression [P < 0.05] compared with the witness group and before exercises so as to regarding Beck Depression Inventory [II], it was changed from mediocre to mild in control group and steady in witness group. Four weeks aerobic exercises can effectively reduce depression in women, and be used as a method of treatment in occupational therapy

[ Effectiveness of patient education and home-based follow up on knowledge and health behaviors in patients with myocardial infarction]

Patient education is a basic part of health care especially in chronic heart diseases in hospital and community. The present research intended to determine the effect of patient education and home-based follow up on knowledge and health behaviors in patients with myocardial Infarction referred to Modares health care facility in Kashmar. This is a quasi-experimental design, with two randomly selected groups. The experiment [n=18] and the control [n=20] group, were undergone a pre and post test. The health education program was carried out in 4 continuous sessions with different topics on cardiac events, diet, medication, coronary risk factors and exercise. The patients were given an instructional booklet containing the above mentioned information and were followed up at home for 3 times during 3 months. Data were gathered by knowledge measurement questionnaire and home-based follow up check list using interview and observation at the beginning of the study, during follow up, as well as at the end. The instructional booklet was given to the control group patients at the end of the study. The research findings indicated an improvement of knowledge in the intervention group patients [p=0.0001]. The comparison of mean scores between groups showed an improvement in knowledge and behavior as increase in the frequency [P=0.02], time of taking a walk [p=0.001], physical symptoms improvement during walking [P=0.03], recognition and avoiding from cardiac risk factors [p=0.001], following of diet [P=0.003], and medication regimen [p=0.001], reduction in need to extra visit by physician [P=0.001], as well as need to extra emotional support [P=0.000] in the intervention group. Health education to patients and internalizing it with reiterating, supervising, and managing by nurses in a familiar place as home can play as an effective factor in patients performance improvement, as well as community health development. It clarifies the community oriented role of nurses as a case manager in health-team

[Effects of problem solving training on coping skills of suicidal clients]

Suicide is a primary health problem, requiring evidence-based information for prevention. Suicidal clients have difficulty in coping skills. Coping skills have important role in mental health. Cognitive therapies such as problem solving can improve coping skills and may be useful in the prevention of suicide. The Purpose of this study was to assess the effects of problem solving training on coping skills of suicidal clients. In this quasi-experimental study, subjects consisted of 80 suicidal clients selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into two equal case and control groups. A demographic questionnaire and Coping Skills Scale [Blinghs and Mous] were used for data collection. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire were obtained by Cronbach's alpha, stability reliability and content methods. Both groups were first assessed in terms of their coping skills. 7-10 training sessions in the case group were hold 4 times a week for each client individually each lasted 30-45 minutes. Gholdfried and Davidson's method in problem solving training was provided for them. 2 weeks after completion of the training, coping skill test was carried out in both groups. Findings showed no significant difference in coping skill variables [emotion and problem focused] before the intervention [P>0.05] but the difference became significant after the intervention [P=0.000] in the case group. Problem solving training has significant effects on coping skills and, therefore, can be applied in the treatment of behavioral disorders. It may also prevent suicidal attempts in clients and promote their health condition

[ effect of psychodrama on depression among inpatient women with chronic mental disorder]

Background and Aim: At recent three decades, management of chronic mental disorders has been a focus of attention in mental health systems. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of group psychodrama in reducing depression in inpatient women with chronic mental disorder

Method and Materials: In this semi-experimental study, thirty women with chronic mental disorders bedridden at Razi comprehensive psychiatric center[Tehran, Iran] were randomly assigned to two groups, namely intervention and control groups. Beck Depression Inventory[BDI] was administered to all participants and then a 12 session group psychodrama intervention program was carried out for the intervention group. Meanwhile routine treatments were continued for the control group. BDI was then re-administered for both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using independent and Paired T tests, Kolmogroph-Smernoph, Chi-square, Leven and Covariance analysis[ANCOVA] tests

Findings: After the intervention, the BDI mean score significantly reduced in the intervention group[p=0.000] but not in the control one. The two groups showed no difference regarding the mean BDI scores before the intervention but afterward the control group had a significantly higher score in this respect[p=0.000]. The significant differences remained true after applying ANCOVA to control the effects of age and rate of depression[p=0.000]

Conclusion: Psychodrama may be an effective intervention for reducing depression in patients with chronic mental disorders

[ epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Kerman province [year 2001]

Nowadays the burden of psychiatric disorders has been identified in developed countries by screening questionnaires and standard clinical interviews at a high level, but there has been conducted few investigation to study the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in our country, comprehensively. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the individuals of 18 years and over in urban and rural areas of Kerman province.This study was a cross-sectional survey in year 2001. This was a part of national epidemiological study of psychiatric disorders. In this survey 876 individuals were selected through randomized systematic and clustered sampling methods from the existing families in Kerman and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia [SADS] questionnaire were completed by the clinical psychologist. The diagnosis of the disorders was based on DSM-1V classification criteria. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Kerman province was 19.62% which was 25.48% in the women and 13.50% in men. The anxiety and mood disorders respectively with 8.33% and 7.19% had the higher prevalence in the province. The prevalence of psychotic disorders in this study was 0.46%, neurocognitive disorders 1.93% and dissociative disorders 1.71%. In the group of mood disorders, major depression with 5.59% and in the group of anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder with 2.85% had the higher prevalence. This study showed that 13.93% of individuals that were studied suffered at least from one of the psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among the women in this province was 17.67%, age group of 66 years and above 29.82%, widows 33.33%, residents of villages 16.09%, illiterate individuals 17.57% and among the retired individuals was 29.03% and were more than the individuals in other groups.Being aware of this matter reveals the responsibility of the health policy makers and programmers, prevention, treatment and medical education more than before in relation to preparing application and executive plans in Kerman province for mental health

[ epidemiological study of psychological disorders in chaharmohal and bakhtiari province, 2001]

The objective of this survey was to carry out the epidemiological study of the psychiatric disorders among over 18 years old individuals in the urban and rural areas of Chaharmohal and Bakhtiari province. The sample consisted of 305 persons selected by randomized clustered and systematic sampling methods from the families of Chaharmohal and Bakhtiari province. For each person the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia [SADS] questionnaire was completed by a clinical psychologist. The diagnosis of the disorders was based on DSM-IV classification criteria. The overall prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province was 16.42%. It was 20% among women and 13.14% among men. The anxiety and neuro-cognitive disorders with 9.52% and 3.28% respectively were the most prevalent in the province. The prevalence of psychotic disorders in this study was 0.33%, mood disorders 2.63% and dissociative disorders 0.66%. In the group of mood disorders, major depression with 2.30% and in the group of anxiety disorders, phobic disorder with 2.62% had the highest prevalence. We found that 10.49% of the individuals suffered from at least one psychiatric disorder. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province among the age group of 56-65 with 30%, individuals whose spouses had passed away with 25%, urban residents with 15.53%, illiterates with 12.66% and unemployed persons with 21.74% were more than other groups. These findings emphasize the responsibility of the health policy makers for prevention, treatment and medical education for mental health

epidemiological study of psychiatric disorders in Qazvin province [2001]

Planning for providing essential mental health services to the people requires a comprehensive understanding of the present status of psychiatric disorders in the society. To carry out the epidemiological study of the psychiatric disorders among the individuals within the age group of 18 years and above in urban and rural areas of Qazvin. This study was a cross-sectional survey in the year 2001. 354 individuals were selected through randomized systematic and clustered sampling methods from among the existing families of Qazvin province. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia [SADS] questionnaires were completed by a clinical psychologist. The diagnosis of the disorders was based on DSM-IV classification criteria. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province is 31.61% with a value of 42.23% for women and 20.66% for men. The anxiety and mood disorders with 20.89 and 4.80% respectively, showed a higher prevalence in the province. The prevalence of psychotic disorders in this study was 1.12%, neuro-cognitive disorders 2.54% and dissociative disorders 2.26%. In the group of mood disorders, major depression with 2.82% and in the group of anxiety disorders, phobia with 8.19% showed a higher prevalence. The findings make the responsibility of the health policy makers and programmers, in the fields of prevention, treatment and medical education more than before in relation to preparing both executive and practical plans in Qazvin province for mental health

[ epidemiological study of psychiatric disorders in Golestan province, 2001]

Background and Objective: the burden of psychiatric disorders in the developed countries has been identified by the screening questionnaires and standard clinical interviews at a high level, but the epidemiological studies of psychiatric disorders in our country are brief and their numbers are few. Providing essential mental health services to the people requires us to be knowledgeable about the present status of psychiatric disorders in the society. The objective of their research was to carry out the epidemiological study of the psychiatric disorders in the 18 years and above individuals in the urban and rural areas of Golestan province

Materials and Methods: 518 individuals selected through randomized clustered and systematic sampling methods from among the existing families of Golestan province and the schedule for affective disorders and Schizophrenia [SADS] questionnaires completed by the clinical psychologist. The diagnosis of the disorders was based on DSM-IV classification criteria

Results: the results of the study showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province is 14.69%, which was 18.14% in the women, and 11.47% in the men. The mood and affective disorders respectively with 7.93 and 4.05% had the higher prevalence in the province. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in this study was 0.97%, neuro-cognitive disorders 1.16% and dissociative disorders 0.58%. In the group anxiety disorders, panic disorder with 4.05% of had the higher prevalence and in the group of affective disorder, major depression, hypomanic and manic disorder with 1.93

Conclusion: this study showed that 7.53% of individuals that were studied suffered from at least one of the psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province among the individuals in the age group of 41-55 years with 13.04%, separated or divorced individuals 50%, residents of urban areas 11.03%, illiterate individuals 12.75% and housewives 13.04% was more than other individuals in the sample. Being aware of this matter reveals the responsibility of the health policy makers and programmers, prevention, treatment and medical education more than before in relation to preparing application and executive plans in Golestan province for mental health

[ epidemiological study of psychiatric disorders in Guilan Province [year 2001]]

Introduction: the burden of psychiatric disorders in the developed countries has been identified by the screening questionnaires and standard clinical interviews at a high level, but the epidemiological studies on psychiatric disorders in our country are limited and their numbers are few. Planning for providing essential mental health services for people requires us to be knowledgeable about the present status of psychiatric disorders in the society

Objective: the objective of this research was to carry out the epidemiological study of the psychiatric disorders in the individuals 18 years and above in urban and rural areas of Guilan province

Materials and Methods: 925 individuals were selected through randomized cluster and systematic sampling methods from the existing families of Guilan province and questionnaires of Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia [SADS] were completed by the clinical psychologists. The diagnosis of the disorders was based on DSM-IV classification criteria

Results: the results of the study showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province is 15.78 percent which was 22.77 percent in the women and 8.57 percent in the men. The anxiety and mood disorders respectively with 8.32 and 4.12 percent had the higher prevalence in the province. The prevalence of psychotic disorders in this study was 0.32 percent, neuro-cognitive disorders 2.59 percent and dissociative disorders 0.43 percent. In the group of mood disorders, major depression with 3.03 percent and in the group of anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder with 2.81 percent had the higher prevalence. The prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders in the province among the individuals in the age group of 41-55 years with 12.50 percent, divorced or separated individuals 25 percent, residents of province 13.39 percent, individuals with primary school education 16.23 percent and housewives 16.40 percent were more than other individuals in the sample

Conclusion: this study showed that at least 10 percent of individuals older than 18 years that were studied suffered from minimum one of the psychiatric disorders. Being aware of this matter reveals the responsibility of the health policy makers and programmers for prevention, treatment and medical education more than before in relation to preparing applied and executive plans in Guilan province for mental health. Although the validity and reliability of SADS for screening and diagnosis were shown in the pilot study, we suggest that another study should be conducted with a greater sample size for the assessment of validity and reliability of SADS for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders

epidemiological study of psychiatric disorders in Semnan province in year 2001

The burden of psychiatric disorders in the developed countries has been identified by the screening questionnaires and standard clinical interviews at a high level, but the epidemiological studies of psychiatric disorders in Iran are brief and their numbers are few. Planning for providing essential mental health services to the people who requires to be informed about the present status of psychiatric disorders in the society. The objective of this research was to carry out the epidemiological study of the psychiatric disorders in the individuals 18 years and above in urban and rural areas of Semnan province. Two hundred eighty individuals were selected through randomized systematic and clustered sampling methods among the existing families in Semnan province. The clinical psychologist completed the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia [SADS] questionnaires. The diagnosis of the disorders was based on DSM-IV classification criteria. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province was 18.58%, which was 22.14% in the women, and 14.49% in the men, respectively. The anxiety and mood disorders respectively with 8.22% and 5.00% had the higher prevalence in the province. The prevalence of psychotic disorders in this study was 1.78%, neuro-cognitive disorders 2.86 percent and dissociative disorders 0.72%. In the group of mood disorders, major depression with 3.57% and in the group of anxiety disorders, phobic disorder with 2.86% had the higher prevalence. This study showed that 10.71% of individuals suffered from minimum one of the psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province among the individuals in the age group of 41-55 years with 13.85%, individuals whose spouses had passed away 37.50%, residents of urban areas with 13.92%o, individuals with diploma 14.29% and unemployed individuals 28.57% that was more common more than other individuals. By considering of these findings, the responsibility of the health policy makers and programmers is more than before in relation to preparing application and executive plans to prevent and treatment of psychiatric disorders in Semnan province for mental health

Knowledge and practice of Iranian women toward cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is a preventable disease, However more than 500,000 cases of invasive cervical cancers can be detected yearly. It has been proven that having information about the screening tests and regular practicing of Pap smear test decreases prevalance of malignant cervical cancer and prevents related mortality. A national cross-sectional study were desinged to assess knowledge and practice of 20-46 years old married women about cervical cancer. Using cluster sampling method 10449 married women were recuited and interviwed. The study demonstrated that 60-80% of women were informed about cervical cancer. 41.6% of women had practiced Pap smear test, at least once. However 21.1% of women claimed that they practice the test more than 2 years ago. Regression model were used to indentify knowledge and practice of women toward cervical cancer. Using this model, Factors such as: educatioanl level, age residence have significant effect on their practice. For improving knowledge and practice of women toward cervical cancer, using modern educational methods can be recommended