Insensitivity to pain due to genetic mutation

Pain is neuroanatomically, psychologically and neurophysiologically complicated and its first function is protecting all alive creature body. This issue is so questionable and interesting that people who don't feel pain how face this sensation and what problems threaten them. So many researchers by using 73 references, articles from electronical and library references have done a clinical study about CIPA which is a rare disorder of neuropathic disorders. These patients have no sensation toward pain and paiful stimulations and no sweating. This disorder has been occurred by genetic mutation and has been under study from 1996 to 2012. Which un health - care tream can reduce their complications by early diagnosis and thereaputic and preventive interventions

[Post transplant erythrocytosis and the effect of treatment with enalapril]

Post transplant erythrocytosis [PTE], defined as a hematocrit level of above 51 percent, is a multifactorial condition common in renal transplant recipients. Traditional therapies include repeated phlebotomies, bilateral native nephrectomies, and anticoagulant therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ACE inhibitor on PTE. This analytic outcome study was done on all transplant patients referred to Shaid Rahnemoon hospital [Yazd, Iran]. Hematocrit [HCT] and hemoglobin were assessed in two blood samples taking from the patients. Patients with HCT >51 were selected and studied for other causes of polycythemia. Not finding other causes, the patients were diagnosed as PTE and received Enalapril tab [5 mg /daily]. Blood pressure, HCT and Hb of these patients were recorded during next 3 months [30, 60, 90th post-treatment days]. Among 126 referred patients, 47 patients had erythrocytosis [37 males [86%] and 6 females [14%]] that shows a higher prevalence in comparison with other studies. All patients responded to Enalapril treatment. Before treatment, mean hemoglobin and hematocrit were 18.35 +/- 0.59 gr/l and 55.96 +/- 1.90mm respectively, while after 3 months treatment with Enalapril, hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased to 16.7 +/- 0.5 mg/l and 48.73 +/- 1.42 mm respectively. Enalapril is an effective treatment of PTE and can prevent the need for phlebotomy or nephrectomy in these patients

[Setting time and consistency of three kinds of irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials]

Taking impression plays an important role in prosthodontic treatments. Alginate impression materials are very common in this regard. With due attention to the importance of setting time and consistency of impression materials, researches for comparison the properties of different impression materials are necessary. This study was conducted to investigate the setting time and consistency of two Iranian alginates [Regular Iralgin and Super Iralgin] in comparison with one imported brand, Bayer alginate using ADA [No.18] and ISO [1563] specification. In this in vitro study, 51 samples [17 samples of each alginate, Bayer, Regular Iralgin and Super Iralgin] were prepared. Setting time and consistency of these materials were compared according to Iranian standard Institute, specification 1563. To analysis the data, t-test and ANOVA were used. Mean of consistency and seting time from maximum to minimum was including Bayer, Regular Iralgin and Super Iralgin. According to the result of this experiment, the three materials showed acceptable setting time and consistency according to Iranian Standard Specifications. ANOVA analysis showed no significant differences in consistency among these materials [p>0.05] whereas there were significant differences in setting time between Bayer alginate and Iranian brands [p<0.05]. The three impression materials used in this study showed acceptable setting time and consistency. There was significant difference in setting time among them, which could be related to the composition of these materials. More studies are needed to be conducted on other properties of these materials

[Prevalence of secondary hyper parathyroidism in hemodialysis patients]

Osteodystrophy is one of the long term complications of chronic renal failure and is expressed in two forms; low turn over and high turn over. It is an important cause of morbidity in patients with renal failure and if diagnosed and managed properly, many problems of these patients can be resolved. In this study we evaluated the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients and its correlation with different factors. This study was an analytic, observational study that was done by the cross- sectional method. We formatted a questionnaire for hemodialysis patients who were enrolled in the study over a period of 6 months. Fasting blood samples [5-l0c.c] were drawn to measure levels of PTH [parathyroid hormone], calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase. Skull and wrist X-rays were also taken and the radiologist evaluated them with regards to hyperparathyroidism. In the 80 patients studied, prevalence of hyperparathyroidism was 45% [36 patients]. 44 patients were diabetics. Among different factors, hyperparathyroidism did not correlate with frequency and duration of dialysis, age, sex, familial history, diabetes, hypertension, bone pains, muscle weakness, purities and level of calcium and phosphorous. But there was a significant relationship between hyperparathyroidism and alkaline phosphatase levels and radiological findings. We can use alkaline phosphatase levels and/or radiographic changes for evaluation of renal osteodystrophy in hemodialysis patients and prevent complications by early diagnosis and proper management

[He effects of erythropoietin in the management of anemia of chronic renal failure in patients on hemodialysis]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic and side effects of erythropoietin in themanagement of anemia in chronic renal failure. In this study, 60 patients were given Erythropoietinsubcutaneously three times/week for 2 months.Mean hemoglobin of patients was recorded before beginning Erythropoietin and also one weeks, onemonth and two months after treatment.Mean hemoglobin value before treatment was 7.6 g/dl that increased to 9.08g/dl 2 months later.Hemoglobin levels were not dependent on the age and sex of the patient, but there was a meaningful differencebetween diabetics and nondiabetics.The side effects of Erythropoietin in this study in order of frequency were as follows: Hypertension,A.V fistula thrombosis, allergy and seizure