ABSTRACT
Background: Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) causes vital organ dysfunction. The manifestation of severe form of falciparum malaria includes cerebral malaria, acidosis, severe anaemia, renal failure, hypotension, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation and convulsion. Death rate used to be high. But vivax malaria is not presented in severe form and there is tendency of recurrence. Present study has been designed to compare clinical profile and severity of P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) malaria in coastal district of Andhra Pradesh.Methods: Present study is a prospective comparative randomized observational study conducted in the depart of general medicine Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh from February 2016 to May 2018. The study population include 260 patients diagnosed to have P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria and being admitted in the general medicine dept. Govt medical college Kakinada randomly selected based on exclusion and inclusion criteria.Results: Out of 172 Falciparum malaria patients’ anaemia was present in 39.53% patient and out of 88 P. vivax patients 43.18% patients have anaemia. Thrombocytopenia was present in 19.76% patients of falciparum malaria and 79.54% of P. vivax. Increased leucocyte count was seen in 29.65% P. falciparum and 4.54% P. vivax patients. Leukopenia was seen in 9.3% P. falciparum and 1.136% P. vivax patient. PT and APTT was increased in 12.79% patients of P. falciparum malaria and 6.8% patients of P. vivax malaria. Liver enzyme was elevated in 27.9% of P. falciparum patients and 47.72% patients of P. vivax patients. Raised serum urea and creatinine, was seen in 18.60% patients of P. falciparum and 18.18% patients of P. vivax malaria. Electrolyte imbalance was also found in both groups.Conclusions: - In present study number of falciparum malaria cases were more than vivax with male predominance. Hepatomegaly was more common falciparum, but splenomegaly was more common in vivax malaria patients. Anaemia and thrombocytopenia were more common in P. vivax malaria patients. Elevated liver enzyme was more common in P. vivax patients but elevated serum urea and creatinine was almost same in both groups. Except hepatic dysfunction all other complication was more in falciparum then vivax infection. Death was only marginally high in falciparum then vivax malaria patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hypertension, a major public health concern, affecting 20-25% of the adult population. It is the major risk factor for diseases involving Cardio Vascular (CV) and renalsystem. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that high Blood Pressure (BP) causes 1 in every 8 deaths, making hypertension the third leading killer in the world. The recent emerging trend in the treatment of hypertension is not only based on the pragmatic need to lower BP levels, but also on lowering the CV risk profile, which is largely linked to the presence of the end organ damage.Methods: One hundred patients with hypertension are recruited in this study. The ethics committee of Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada approved this study and all the participants provided informed consent for all the procedures in the study protocol.Results: Majority of the patients (40%) with EOD have hypertension of >10 years duration. The relative frequency of various end organ damages (CVS: 34%, CNS: 17%, kidney: 12% and eye: 10%) is also high in patients with hypertension of >10 years duration.Conclusions: A significant proportion of hypertensive subjects had documented associated EOD, with LVH being the most prevalent EOD. The above findings emphasize the important role of the primary care clinicians to the early detection, treatment and control of high blood pressure that might help to reducing overall cardiovascular risk.