ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Recent evidences indicate that parts of the immunoregulation system such as CD4+CD25+Tcells [Treg] and Th2 cells and Th1 cells, play very important roles in the maintenance of pregnancy. The deficiency in proper recognition of fetal alloantigen by the maternal immune system is associated with recurrent pregnancy failure. Here, we investigate the proportional changes of CD4+CD25+Tcells in peripheral blood of women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion in comparison to women with normal pregnancy by using flowcytometry
Methods: The case group was comprised of 24 women who had at least three successive miscarriages with unexplained etiology. They had normal karyotypes, anticardiolipin and prolactin and their husbands had normal spermograms. The percentages of TCD4+CD25+cells in peripheral blood of these patients were compared with those of 21 women who had normal pregnancy with no history of pregnancy loss. Anti-CD4, anti-CD25 and anti-CD3 antibodies were added to lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood. Then samples were incubated, centrifuged and washed. Finally cells were analyzed using FACS Caliber system and data of the two groups were compared
Results: Mean percentage of CD4+CD25+bright T cells in peripheral blood in case group was significantly lower compared to the control group [P=0.000]. Mean percentage of CD4-CD25 bright cells in the CD4+Tcell peripheral blood was significantly higher in case group campared to the control group [P=0.021]
Conclusion: Decrease of CD4+CD25 bright T cells plays a major role in tolerating conceptus antigens and cytokine and might contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy. Inadequate CD4+CD25+Tcells or their functional deficiency may link with miscarriage. Therefore, alteration of CD4+CD25+T cells can be used as an immunologic marker for monitoring of patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion
ABSTRACT
Black seed [Nigella sativa], belongs to Rannunculaceae family. It has various functions, including immuno-modulatory, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic effects. Anticancer properties of NS compounds are related to their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects. In this study, cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of ethanol: extract of NS was investigated on human kidney cancer cell line [ACHN] and normal cell line [L929]. NS ethanolic extract at 0, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750 and 2000 micro g/ml concentrations were prepared and studied in culture mediums of ACHN and L929 cells. After 24, 48 and 72h, morphologic changes and MTT assay were performed in both cell lines. Indeed, early and late apoptosis were studied by phosphatidyl serine kit employing flow cytometry technique. After 24h, NS extract at 750 micro g/ml and higher concentrations caused morphological changes and also reduced percentage of alive cells significantly [P<0.05] in ACHN cells compared with L929 cells that showed similar changes at 1250 micro g/ml and higher concentrations. After 48 and 72h, these effects were more prominent. MTT assay results, showed that NS concentration of 750 micro g/ml and higher doses reduce percentage of alive ACHN cells [P<0.05]. L929 cells showed similar changes at 1250 micro g/ml and higher concentrations [P<0.05]. Maximum apoptosis in ACHN cells was happened at 1000 and 1250 micro g/ml [92%] compared with L929 cells that showed maximum apoptosis at 1500 micro g/ml [89%]. Indeed, both cell lines showed a significant increase in apoptosis compared with their control groups [P<0.001]. NS ethanolic extract can may be useful as a cytotoxic and chemotherapeutic agent in kidney cancer treatment
ABSTRACT
HTLV-1, the first known human retrovirus belongs to oncovirus subfamily of ietroviruses. The malor characteristic of HTLV-1 is its highly restricted geographic prevalence. Northern part of Khorasan is an endemic region oF HTLV-1 infection. Epidemiological studies can help in designing preventive programs for I-ITLV- I infection, The aim of this study was the establishment of a PCR technique for determination of HTLV-1 infection in paraffin-embedded tissues. In this experimental laboratory study for establishment of a technique, PCR was initially optimized using Beta-actin primers on various formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from liver, spleen, skin and lymph nodes. The optimized concentration of Mgcl2 was 2mm, primer was 8 pmol. Optimized concentration of DNA was different according to the kind of tissue. HTLV-1 infection was determined by applying tax, pol, env and LTR primers on 50 paraffin-embedded lymph node tissues. The reproducibility of this technique was shown for skin and lymph node tissues infected with HTLV-1. In 50 lymph node tissues, one case with pathologic diagnosis of NHL was positive with all 5 sets of primers [tax, Pol, env and LTR primers] and the other case was positive with only two sets of tax primers but was negative with pol, env and LTR primers. The prevalence of infection was 2% among lymph node specimens. [1 of 50 specimens] and if the second case is considered, the prevalence would be 4%. Comparison of the results of this study with another study on blood specimens [seroprevalenee2.3%] was not statistically significant thus confirming the results of one another. [P=0.883]
Subject(s)
HTLV-I Infections , Prevalence , Retroviridae , Epidemiologic Studies , Paraffin Embedding , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Lymph Nodes/virologyABSTRACT
Kaposi's Sarcoma[KS] is a common malignant tumor in immuno compromisedindividuals and in organ transplant recipients due to immunosuppressive drugs. The correlationof lymphotropic viruses such as HHV-8 and HTLV-1 to KS is currently being studied. Theseviruses may be the risk factors or the primary cause of KS. The presence of HHV-8 and HTLV-1 genome was determined in archived skin biopsies diagnosed as KS. In this study we selected 35 paraffin embedded skin biopsies with KSdiagnosis. These diagnoses were reconfirmed by careful microscopic examination. Five micronthick sections of the blocks were prepared; and after deparaffinization, their DNA was extracted.Using LTR, tax and pol specific primers and ORF-26 and ORFK9-1 specific primers the HTLV-1 and the HHV-8 genomes were amplified, respectively. Our results indicate that none of the KS tissues were infected with HTLV-1, howeverwe detected the presence of HHV-8 genome in all of the specimens. According to these findings, it seems that HTLV-1 infection does not affect theprocess of HHV-8 activation
ABSTRACT
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL] with primary gastrointestinal localization [GI-NHL] represents only 1-4% of the malignant tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the gastrointestinal tract is the most common extra nodal site of NHL. The etiology of GI-NHL remains unknown, however, recent studies have shown that infection with viruses like HTLV-I in the gastrointestinal tract may increase the risk of T cell NHL. The present study was designed to investigate the presence of HTLV-1 genome using PCR on paraffin embedded tissue of primary GI-NHL specimens diagnosed during the period from 1981 to 2003 in the Department of Pathology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The total number of biopsies was 103, 573; and 65 cases with primary GI-NHL were found. All these 65 specimens were stained with Immunohistochemical markers such as LCA, CD20 and CD3. The presence of HTLV-1 genome was detected in 48 selected patients using tax, LTR, pol and eny [GD21] primers. Our results show that male to female distribution was 1.5: 1. Most of the patients were in their second of third decades of life. Eight patients [12.3%] had primary lymphoma in the stomach, 52 [80%] in the small intestine, two [3%] in the large intestine, and three [4.7%] patients had multifocal involvements [Ileocecal]. According to the Revised European-American Lymphoma [REAL] classification, IPSID Lymphoma was the most frequent histologic subtype, comprising 40% of the cases. Sixty-four cases were classified as B cell lymphomas, and one as T-cell lymphoma. Out of 48 specimens which were amplified using PCR, two [4.2%] were positive for HTLV-1. The first case was a 55-year old male with diffuse pleomorphic T cell lymphoma who had a lesion in stomach; and the second case was a 15-month-old female with IPSID lymphoma who had involvement at duodenum