[Comparison of effects of three diets containing "Fish Oil", "Iranian fat consumption pattern", and "standard" diet on serum glucose and insulin sensitivity in Wistar rat]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fish oil containing diet versus Iranian fat consumption pattern and standard diets on serum glucose and insulin sensitivity in Wistar rat. Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly allocated to three dietary groups: a standard diet [containing soy bean-oil], diet containing fish oil and diet containing mixed oil which was designed based on Iranian population fatty acid intake. Dams in each group were fed one of the diets during pregnancy and lactation and the pups were also weaned onto the same diet. Fasting serum glucose [Photometry] and insulin [ELISA] in pups were assessed and insulin sensitivity calculated on puberty. Fasting serum insulin in fish oil-fed group was significantly less than two other groups [P=0.018] and insulin sensitivity in fish oil-fed rats was significantly more than two other groups [P=0.002]. It seems a diet containing fish oil [rich in long chain omega-3 fatty acids] causes more insulin sensitivity comparing to diet containing soy bean oil [rich in omega-6 fatty acids] and diet with Iranian population fatty acid intake pattern [rich in saturated fatty acids]

[Comparison of the effects of a fish oil-containing diet, a diet containing an oil mixture based on the Iranian fat consumption pattern, and a standard diet on the serum glucose level and insulin sensitivity in rats]

Information on the effects of different types of fat on insulin sensitivity is limited. The present study was designed to compare the effects of feeding a fish oil-containing diet, a diet containing an oil mixture based on the Iranian fat consumption pattern, and a standard diet from the fetal period till puberty on the serum glucose and insulin sensitivity in Wistar rats. Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly allocated to three dietary groups: a standard diet [containing soy bean-oil], a diet containing fish oil, and a diet containing an oil mixture based on the Iranian population fatty acid intake. Dams in each group were fed one of the diets during pregnancy and lactation, and in each case the pups born were weaned onto the same diet. Fasting serum glucose level [by photometry] and insulin [by ELISA] were measured in the pups and insulin sensitivity was calculated at puberty. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and the one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. The fasting serum insulin level and insulin sensitivity in the fish oil-fed group were significantly lower [P=0.018] and higher [P=0.002], respectively, than in the other two groups. It seems a diet containing fish oil [rich in long chain omega-3 fatty acids] causes a higher insulin sensitivity, as compared to diets containing either soy bean oil [rich in omega-6 fatty acids] or mixed oil based on the Iranian dietary fatty acid pattern [rich in saturated fatty acids]

Validity of choldochoscope in the diagnosis and possible management of surgical obstuctive jaundice

A consecutive series of 50 common bile duct exploration was studied to asses the value of intraoperative flexible choledochoscope in the diagnosis and management of surgical obstructive jaundice and to evaluate the efficiency of the choledochoscopy in clearing the common bile duct from stones after choledocholithotomy by the use of postoperative T-tube cholangiogram. Each patient had a thorough history and physical examination as well as the necessary laboratory studies and abdominal ultrasound was done for all patients. Distribution of age incidences of patients was three under the age of 40, 25 between 40-60 and 22 over 60. The causes of obstructive jaundice were calcular obstructive jaundice [33 patients], cancer head of pancreas [ten patients], postoperative stricture [four patients], cholangiocarcinoma [two patients] and one case of a choledochal cyst. It was concluded that intraoperative choledochoscopy is necessary, since it reduces the incidence of retained stones and enables the assessment of the pathological lesions within the biliary tract and aids in operative decision-making

Clinical evaluation versus pathological findings of axillary lymph node metastases in breast carcinoma

This work was designed to study the axillary lymph node status in 50 patients [with age ranged from 30 to 70 years with an average of 50.2 + 9.7 years] with breast carcinoma, compare the clinical assessment with the pathological findings and show the value of complete axillary dissection. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the commonest histopathological type [74%], while 8% of the specimens classed as invasive lobular carcinoma. The highest incidence of node metastases was observed in invasive ductal carcinoma 86.5% and invasive lobular carcinoma 75%. There were no significant differences in the average number of nodes removed in patients treated with radical mastectomy or modified radical mastectomy

morphometric analysis of the rectal mucosa in untreated coeliac sprue

Rectal mucosal biopsies from 27 subjects with untreated coeliac sprue and 34 subjects with irritable bowel syndrome were studied. The comparison included intraepithelial lymphocytes [IEL], immunoglobin. [Ig] containing cells, mucosal mast cells and eosinophils. subjects with coeliac sprue showed significantly increased number of intraepithelial lymphocytes, while other cell counts were only slightly increased, It is concluded that proctitis in untreated coeliacs is minimal, the increased intraepithelial lymphocyte counts may provide a diagnostic implication if the rectal biopsies looked otherwise normal

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis could be a safe procedure?

The past years have been a time of great excitement in laparoscopic surgery and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in particular. 69 patients suffering from acute calcular cholecystitis subjects to laparoscopic procedure were included in this study. Patients were collected at random, 41 patients were women and 28 were men, patients aged 26-84 years with a mean age 58.5 years. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy could be done in 54 cases [78.26%]. Cholecystectomy was conducted safely in 42 cases [60.87%]. In 18 cases laparoscopic cholangiography through cannulation of gallbladder or cystic duct was induced and it was successful in 14 cases and laparoscopic cholecystectomy was proceeded in 12 cases [17.39%]. Minor complications occurred in 9 cases and included bile leakage in 4 cases, umbilical sepsis in 2 cases and 3 cases of abdominal wall hematoma. Major complication in the form of duodenal perforation occurred in one case. In 15 patients [21.73%] the operation was converted into open procedures because of difficult or unclear anatomy in 8 cases, failed cholangiography in 4 cases, cholangiographic evidences of common bile duct stones in 2 cases, cystic artery bleeding in one case and perforated duodenum in another case. No mortality occurred in this group of patients. With adequate experience, proper judgment at selection of cases of acute cholecystitis suitable for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and with the help of operative laparoscopic cholagiography and endoscopic sphincterotomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy could be a safe procedure

Post prandial changes in pulmonary gas exchange and ventilation in COPD patients after high carbohydrate and high fat diet

This study has been carried out on 14 stable cases of COPD and 8 normal controls in order to assess the pattern of pulmonary gas exchange on ventilation in response to a high-carbohydrate diet and then after a high fat diet. The response was different between normal subjects and patients on one hand, and between the 2 diets on the other hand. In controls, after a high carbohydrate diet, VO[2], VCO[2], RQ and end-tidal CO[2] rised with a significant difference from values obtained following the high fat diet, VE did not arise significantly. On the other hand, all parameters raised significantly in patients after the high carbohydrate load, except for end-tidal CO[2]. VE markedly increased in patients which adds a further burden on their already deranged pulmonary performance. In contrast, normal subjects reacted by an increase in end-tidal CO[2] leading to a maintained P[a]CO[2] level. The study concluded that high fat diet may be of benefit to cases of COPD, and high carbohydrate loads are better avoided. This conclusion seems to be important to dieticians and people taking care of nutrition of COPD patients

Urodynamic study of vesico-urethral dysfunction following abdomino-perineal resection of the rectum for cancer

Vesicourethral dysfunction following APR in 14 cases out of 36 cases [39%] was studied urodynamically by combined pressure-flow and electromyography. Detrusor areflexia was found in all of the 14 cases, while the external sphincter was normal in 9 cases, areflexic in 3 cases and atonic in 2 cases. The functional status of the striated external sphincter is the decisive factor for the proper management. While, prostatic obstruction is the second factor. Cases of detrusor areflexia associated with a normal external sphincter have been successfully managed by urecholine therapy, but those who had prostatic obstruction in addition needed TUR prior to cholinergic stimulation. Cases with combined detrusor and external sphincter areflexia responded well to intermittent catheterization. Prostatectomy resulted in an incontinence of urine in one of the cases with atonic external sphincter

Ultrasonographic interpretation of temporomandibular joint disorders

Real-time ultrasound at a frequency of 3.5 MHz was assessed as a diagnostic mean of temporomandibular joint disorders. The clinical conditions of the nine cases under evaluation included intra-capsular ankylosis, mandibular dislocation, and clicking jaw. The results of this preliminary examination indicated that ultrasonography could be compared with radiography and that temporomandibular disorders may be evaluated in this manner