[Effect of short-term dietary approaches to stop hypertension on pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes]

Background and Objective: Modification of life style, nutrional regiment and insulin therapy is used for improvement of pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]. This study was done to evaluate the effect of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension [DASH] eating plan on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Methods: In this clinical trial study, 52 women with GDM were randomly divided into DASH and control groups for 4 weeks. The control diet contained 45-55% carbohydrates, 15-20% protein and 25- 30% total fat. The DASH was rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy products, and contained lower amounts of saturated fats, cholesterol and refined grains with a total of 2400 mg/day sodium. The numbers of women whom commenced insulin therapy after dietary intervention, the mode of delivery and prevalence of polyhydramnios were assessed. The length, weight and head circumference of infants were measured during the first 24 h after birth

Results: 46.2% of women in the DASH group needed to have a cesarean section, this rate for the control group was 80.8% [P<0.05]. The percentage of those who needed to commence insulin therapy after intervention was 23% for DASH group vs 73% for controls [P<0.05]. Infants born to mothers on the DASH group had significantly lower body weight [3222.7 vs 3818.8 g, P<0.05], head circumference [34.2 vs 35.1 cm, P<0.05] and ponderal index [2.50 vs 2.87 kg/m[3], P<0.05] compared to those born to mothers on the control diet

Conclusion: Consumption of dietary approaches to stop hypertension for 4 weeks among pregnant women with GDM resulted in improved pregnancy outcomes

Household transmission of 2009 H1N1 influenza virus in Yazd, Iran

The 2009 pandemic influenza A [H1N1] virus is a public health challenge. Notably, laboratory-confirmed cases do not represent the age group most susceptible to infection. To characterize the age distribution of all cases of H1N1 influenza, we studied the personal contacts of confirmed cases to identify the age group at the highest risk. We investigated the family members of 162 laboratory-confirmed cases of 2009 H1N1 in Yazd, Iran. Family members were retrospectively asked whether they had >/= 2 respiratory symptoms within 7 days of the last contact with the associated index cases. The ages and symptoms of the patients as well as the interval between diagnosis and the onset of symptoms among household contacts were determined using a questionnaire. We identified 596 family members of index cases, 83 [13.9%] of whom developed acute respiratory illness. No acute respiratory illness was found in 104 families [64%]; however, there were 2 cases in 15 families [9.3%] and >/= 3 cases in 4 families [24%]. Household contacts from 5 to 18 years old were more susceptible to acute respiratory illness than those who were >/= 51 years old [RR = 3.174, 95% CI 1.313-7.675 P-value = 0.01]. Individuals