[Effect of five weeks of high-intensity interval training on the expression of miR-23a and Atrogin-1 in gastrocnemius muscles of diabetic male rats]

Introduction: One of the complications of diabetes is muscular atrophy. Considering the role of exercise in controlling diabetes complications, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of five weeks of high intensity interval training [HIIT] on miR-23a and Atrogin-1 genes expression in the gastrocnemius muscles of male diabetic rats

Materials and Method: For this purpose, diabetes was induced in 14 Wistar rats with an average weight of 260 +/- 10g by injection of Streptozotocin [50mg/kg]. They were randomly divided into two groups, controls [n=7] and HIIT [n=7] group. The HIIT program included implementing four 3-minute sets at intensity of 85-90% VO2max and one minute recovery between each set with intensity of 30 to 35% VO2max. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, animals were anesthetized, gastrocnemius muscles were removed and Mir-23a and Atrogin-1 genes expression was evaluated by quantitative REAL time PCR. Data were analyzed by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and t-test with SPSS software, version 19 and Execle 2007 at a significance level of p

Results: Analysis with independent t-test showed that the HIIT training caused a significant increase in expression of miR-23a and consequently significant decrease in expression of Atrogin-1 gene, compared to controls group

Conclusion: Evidently high intensity interval training due to decrease of hyperglycemia, change in expression of miR-23a and Atragin-1 can be an effective intervention to reduce diabetes complications such as muscle atrophy

Study of depressed mood and quality of life in asthma patients in Tehran using the 28-item general health questionnaire

The prevalence of depression among the general population has been estimated as up to 50% and even higher among asthmatics. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of depressed mood among asthma patients [n =280] attending a pulmonary clinic in Tehran and compare it with measures of severity of asthma and of health and well-being. The prevalence of depression symptoms on the 28-item general health questionnaire [CHQ-28] was 65.4%. Patients' individual scores on the GHQ-28 were significantly correlated with the number of asthma medications used, frequency of visits to the pulmonary clinic and frequency of hospitalizations for asthma, but not with FEVI. A significant correlation was found between patients' total scores on the GHQ-28 and total and subscale scores on the Saint George respiratory questionnaire. The GHQ-28 may be useful for screening for asthma patients who need more attention and therapeutic intervention for psychiatric disorders

[Study of mental health of the patients who need coronary angiography and its relationship with drug abuse]

Coronary heart disease as a reason for mortality is occurring with psychiatric disorders. This descriptive- analytic study aims at assess mental health of patients who need to perform coronary angiography and its relationship with drug abuse. Sampling was done by census and data was collected using General Health Questionnaire and clinical interview. At first, all the patients who needed coronary angiography completed questionnaire and after calculating the patients' score, psychiatrist visited the patients with score more than 28. Data showed that from 200 patients surveyed in this search, 49.5 percent had mental disorders; specially physical signs, distress and sleep disorders, but they were healthy from view point of social functioning and depression. Also, drug abuse is known as an effective factor of mental disorder and rises the chance of mental disorders, so the drug abusers are susceptible to mental disorders 7 times more than the patients with no drug abuse. This study proved that being married plays a positive role on mental health, so the risk of mental disorders in divorcees and widows are 20 times greater than in married patients. Consequently we prefer that patient with coronary heart disease who needs angiography get psychiatric cares and consultation

[Comparative study of adverse effects of Olanzapine and Risperidone on blood sugar, lipid and other side effects in psychotic disorders]

Chronic mental disorders are among the problems in psychiatrics. Atypical anti psychotic drugs are new effective medications to treat these disorders. Unfortunately these drugs lead to side effects such as increase in blood glocuse, weight gain and edema. This study aims to investigate adverse effects of Olanzapine and Rispridone on lipid level and blood glocuse and other complications in patients with psychotic disorders. This clinical trial-double blinded study, patients with psychotic disorders were randomly categorized into two groups. Group one treated with Olanzapine and other with Rispridone. All the subjects were initially assessed for blood sugar and lipids, and in the case of normal, they were randomly assigned to two groups in a double- blinded method to be treated with Olanzapine or Risperidone. Blood sugar and lipids tests were performed for all subjects at the 1st week and 3 months after initiation of therapy. Other complications were assessed too, then the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the study indicated that the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and blood sugar rose significantly at the 1st week and third month after beginning the treatment. Increase of cholesterol and triglyceride in the Olanzapine and Risperidone groups was significant, while blood sugar level showed no significant difference in these two groups. Other side effects including restlessness, impotence, weight again, edema and drowsiness were significantly different between the two groups. Based on the findings of this study and the emphasis of other related studies on the metabolic changes of the body resulting from atypical antipsychotic drugs, it is suggested that these drugs should be prescribed for high risk patients with great care and cautions

Desmoid tumour, clinicopathological features and surgical treatment

34 patients [25 females and 9 males, with a F: M ratio of 2.7: 1] with desmoid tumors were treated at the National Cancer Institute [NCI] in the period 1985 - 1991. The maximum age incidence was in the 3rd decade [13 patients] and 4th decade [12 patients] with a mean age of 26 years. The anatomical distribution was abdominal wall desmoids [47%], extra-abdominal desmoids [41%] and intra-abdominal desmoids [12%]. Surgery was the main line of treatment in most cases [91%] [31/34], while surgery and postoperative radiotherapy was used in 9% of patients [3/34]. Recurrence occurred in 44% [15/34], it was observed in the first 2 years. Recurrence occurred more in males [66.7%] than in females [36%], and it is more frequent in extra- abdominal desmoids [50%] than abdominal [43.8%] and intra-abdominal desmoids [25%]. In relation to safety margin 14 patients with -ve safety margin developed recurrence in 28.6% of cases while 10 patients with close safety margin developed recurrence in 60%, and 10 patients with +ve margin developed recurrence in 71% of cases, salvage surgery achieved a control rate of 93% [14/15] after reexcision of recurrent cases

Role of fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology in the management of neck swellings

One hundred and eighty fine needle aspirates [FNA] of neck swellings were studied prospectively. These included 90 lymph node, 66 thyroid gland and 24 parotid swellings, Histologically, there were 99 malignant and 81 benign swellings, The overall cytologic accuracy rate was 91.1%, while the sensitivity was 86.5% and the specificity was 100%. These rates varied with the organ to be aspirated as well as with the nature of lesion. Detailed cytomorphologic characterization of selected neck swellings was presented