[Vitamin C supplementation to rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss] diet and analysis of growth indices, survival and carcass composition at two different stocking densities]

Background:Vitamin C is one of the important nutrients in fish culture and as a potent anti-oxidant, is of great importance in preserving cells against oxidation and boosting resistance in stress conditions and against pathogens

Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to add high level of vitamin C supplementation to rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss] diet reared at high density and analysis of growth indices, survival and carcass composition at two different stocking densities

Methods: Rainbow trout juveniles with initial body weight of 9.6 +/- 0.69 g at two densities of 50 and 100 pieces in 50 liters of water were fed two diets containing the same level of protein and fat. Experimental diets were diet 1 without adding vitamin and diet 2 with adding 1500 mg/kg of vitamin C. A total number of 900 rainbow trout juveniles in four treatments each with three replicates as T50 [0] [with the density of 50 and fed with diet 1], T100 [0] [with the density of 100 and fed with diet 1], T50 [C] [with the density of 50 and fed with diet 2] and T100 [C] [with the density of 100 and fed with diet 2] were randomly distributed in incubators

Results:After 6 weeks of feeding, growth indices, feed conversion ratio and viability were significantly different between treatments [p<0.05]. T50 [0] and T50[C] treatments had higher weight gain, specific growth rate and viability than T100 [0] and T100[C] [p<0.05]. In the case of feed conversion ratio, it was higher in T100 [0] and T100[C] treatments compared to T50 [0] and T50[C] ones [p<0.05]. Carcass composition was not significantly different between treatments [p>0.05]

Conclusions: The results showed that vitamin C supplementation in the diet of rainbow trout juveniles did not have significant effects on growth indices, feed conversion ratio, survival and carcass composition but density was a key factor in growth, feed conversion ratio and survival in this species

[ comparison of the efficacy of intra-articular injection of morphine with marcaine in patients to relief the pain associated with knee arthroscopy]

Knee arthroscopy is an approved technique for the diagnosis and treatment of intra-articular lesions. Moderate to severe pain is experienced after surgery; thus, relieving pain post arthroscopy, will help patients in performing their daily activities as soon as possible. Many studies have been performed for reducing pain after arthroscopy. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of intra-articular injection of morphine with marcaine in patients for pain relief after arthroscopy. 30 patients were considered for arthroscopic surgery, due to the tearing of the menisci. In this simple non-probability trial, patients were divided in two groups. The first group received 7cc intra-articular marcaine at 0.5% and the second group received 10mg of intra-articular morphine after the arthroscopy. The response was measured by VAS in hours 6, 12, 18, 24 postoperatively and by flexion, extension and walking. The results showed that there was no significant statistical difference between the two groups, except in hour 6 after surgery, indicating marcaine is more effective than morphine. There were no side effects experienced within the two groups. Age, gender, height and weight also had no effect in reducing the pain in patients. Intra-articular Injection of marcaine is more effective than morphine six hours after surgery; however, there are no differences between them after that time frame. More research is needed in order to reduce pain after arthroscopy

[Effect of washing the irradiated skin with water and soap during radiation therapy in breast cancer patients in Imam Hospital [2002]]

Introduction: the effect of washing the irradiated skin during radiation therapy for breast cancer is uncertain

Objective: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of washing with water and mild soap on the breast cancer patients' skin

Materials and Methods: 108 patients under treatment for breast cancer were randomized, prior to receiving chest radiation therapy, into two groups: [1] no wash group during radiation therapy [54 patients] and [2] washing group with water and soap during radiation therapy [54 patients]. Acute skin toxicity grade was recorded according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group [RTOG] for each patient every week during radiation therapy and 1 month after the end of radiation therapy. Symptoms related to skin toxicity [itching, burning, pain] were recorded as none, mild, moderate and severe according to the patient complaint

Results: in the non- washing group, the following maximum acute toxicity scores were observed: grade 0=0%, grade 1=33%, grade 2=61%, grade 3=5% and grade 4=0%. For the washing group, the scores were: grade 0=3.7%, grade 1=64%, grade 2=24%, grade 3=5%, grade 4=1.8%. Moist desquamation was seen in 38.8% of non-washing and 25.9% of washing group, the median score of itching, burning, pain was lower in washing group and was statistically significant. No washing, dose of radiation and weight were associated with acute skin toxicity that were statistically significant

Conclusion: washing the irradiated skin during the course of radiation therapy for breast cancer doesn't trigger increased skin toxicity on the contrary, it decreases the skin toxicity and should not be avoided