[Effects of anger management training based on health promotion model on soldiers engaged in risky behavior]

Introduction: Entry into military service with changing environmental conditions, social relationships and lifestyle can cause psychological stress and pressure on the soldiers and may promote or create risky behaviors. Non-verbal or verbal aggressive behavior such as fighting, obscenities, hitting, threats and intimidation may increase stress exposure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of anger management education based on Health Promotion Model on reducing risky behavior of soldiers [fighting] in the Military barracks of Ardekan in1389

Methods: This clinical trial is an experimental study. Participants were the 232 soldiers who were engaged in risky behavior score higher than 60. They are randomly divided into two groups. Anger control for the experimental group on the basis of religious and scientific evidence in health promotion model was trained. Data collection tool was built by researchers. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire [demographic, risky behaviors, health promotion model structures] were carried out

Results: Statistical analysis of covariance and independent t-test showed that all structures of the model [perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, sense of behavior, interpersonal influences, situational influences] and the amount of conflict behavior, between the two groups [case and control] is significant. [P<0.001]

Conclusion: The positive impact of teaching anger management techniques, based on religious and scientific evidence and educational model of health promotion, showed that the model is effective. Model can manage aggression and destructive emotion, aggressive behavior and attitude and feeling. Anger management techniques leading to better compatibility with environmental stress and unwanted changes to the young people

[Effect of three types of temporary luting agents and abutment surface sandblasting on retentive strength of implant supported fixed prostheses]

Achieving appropriate retention and easy irretrievability at the same time is challenging inimplant-supported fixed partial dentures [FPDs]. Researchers have always been in search of a temporary cement to improve the retentive strength.The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of three different temporary cements and sandblasting of the abutment surface on the retentive strength of implant-supported fixed prostheses. In this experimental study, 10 DIO implant analogues were embedded in acrylic resin.Twenty abutments were divided into two groups of 10. The abutments in group one were used in their intact standard form while those in group two were sandblasted. Sixty metal copings were fabricated and cemented on abutments ofeach group using three types of temporary cements namely Kerr, Provy and GC. Specimens were subjected to auniversal testing machine to measure their retentive strength. The results were analyzed by Tukey's post-hoc test. The retentive strength of Temp Bond [Kerr] with sandblasted abutments was significantly higher than that ofthe other two cements [p<0.001]. In standard abutments, Provy had slightly but not significantly higher retentive strength. The lowest values in both abutment groups were obtained by GC cement. Kerr tempBond cement with sandblasted abutments yields the highest retentive strength

[Community based participatory research, a model for health promotion]

Current traditional research methods for solving social problems were challenged due to limited participation of community. The health companion project was carried out with the aim of determining effective model of community participation for solving health problems in Boyerahmad and Dena township. This study is a community based participatory research performed in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province 2005-2009.The study population was the entire rural and urban households of Boyerahmad and Dena county. The strategic committee of project including academic researchers, managers of health and health related sectors was formed and this committee selected six regions for research activities. In each region local directing group; [health companion] was established with participation of stakeholders: academic researchers, local leaders, health providers and public representatives to guide all aspects of project. The members of the group empowered and enabled by attending training workshops for need assessment, priority setting, research methodology that through these activities the health problem priorities of the regions were recognized, the research area determined and intervention programs were designed and implemented according to these research area. The most important achievement of this project is the methods of activities to reaching goals. Implementation of six participatory interventional proposal for solving health problems and needs are the other achievement. The frequency and means of health problems and their risk factors significantly reduced after the completion of intervention program in each region. Establishing and activities of health companion groups followed model of Planned Approach to Community Health [PATCH] that help community to form health promotion team, collecting and organizing of data, choosing health priorities, developing a comprehensive intervention plan and evaluation

[Prevalence of overweight and obesity and their relation with physical fitness among tehranian children of preschool age]

Overweight and obesity are important public health problems in preschoolers because most eating and physical activity habits are established during childhood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Tehranian preschoolers using different standard criteria and to determine their relation with physical fitness. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 381 preschoolers, aged 5 to 6 years. Anthropometric, health-related and motor fitness tests were assessed in all children. Based on IOTF reference, 7.36% [Cl: 0.037-0.111] and 4.73% [Cl: 0.017-0.078] of boys and 11.51% [Cl: 0.070-0.160] and 10.99% [CI: 0.066-0.154] of girls were overweight and obese, respectively. Significant correlations were found between 20 m sprint test, predicted VO2max and most of the anthropometric indices in boys and between modified sit-ups, predicted VO2max and most of the anthropometric indices in girls. These findings emphasize the relatively high prevalence of overweight and obesity in both sexes and show that overweight and obesity were limiting factors for fitness performance levels. Overweight and obesity were indicative of poor physical fitness in both genders. Overweight and obese children, compared to their underweight and normal-weight counterparts, demonstrate inferior performance in most motor and health-related fitness parameters

[Antifungal activity of peppermint [mentha piperita L.] on phytopathogenic fungi]

Using plant crude extracts on the control of microbial agents is increasing, because of medicinal, antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of plant-based secondary metabolites. The present work was conducted to find out antifungal activity of peppermint and access to the best solvent to elicit antifungal metabolites from peppermint. Aerial parts of peppermint were dried and crude extracts were obtained using water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform. The antifungal activity of this plant was evaluated on mycellial growth of phytopathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora dershleri and Bipolaris sorkiniana using two different methods, paper disc and agar diffusion. The results of the tested solvents demonstrated that water is the best to elicit the inhibitory compounds from peppermint. Methanol and acetone extracts had little inhibitory effects on B. sorkiniana while ethanol and chloroform extracts could not elicit inhibitory compounds against all of tested fungi. The mycellial growth of F. oxysporum and B. sorkiniana was inhibited at the concentration of 2mg/paper disc while the other two fungi was affected at the concentration of 4 mg/paper disc. In agar diffusion method, aqueous extract completely supperesed the growth of P.dershleri and B. sorkiniana at 500 and 1000 ppm of the crude xtract, respectively. However, the mycellial growth R. solani, F. Oxysporum was not completely supperesed even at 2000 ppm. From these results it was concluded that peppermint possesses sufficient in vitro activity on the control of tested phytopathogenic fungi. Besides, it can be stated that water is the best solvent among the tested solvents for extracting the antifungal compounds from peppermint

Repellency effects of essential oils of myrtle [myrtus communis], marigold [Calendula officinalis] compared with DEET against anopheles stephensi on human volunteers

Malaria and leishmaniasis are two most significant parasitic diseases which are endemic in Iran. Over the past decades, interest in botanical repellents has increased as a result of safety to human. The comparative efficacy of essential oils of two native plants, myrtle [Myrtus communis] and marigold [Calendula officinalis] collected from natural habitats at southern Iran was compared with DEET as synthetic repellent against Anopheles stephensi on human subjects under laboratory condition. Essential oils from two species of native plants were obtained by Clevenger-type water distillation. The protection time of DEET, marigold and myrtle was assessed on human subject using screened cage method against An. stephensi. The effective dose of 50% essential oils of two latter species and DEET were determined by modified ASTM method. ED[50] and ED[90] values and related statistical parameters were calculated by probit analysis. The protection time of 50% essential oils of marigold and myrtle were respectively 2.15 and 4.36 hours compared to 6.23 hours for DEET 25%. The median effective dose [ED[50]] of 50% essential oils was 0.1105 and 0.6034 mg/cm[2] respectively in myrtle and marigold. The figure for DEET was 0.0023 mg/cm[2]. This study exhibited that the repellency of both botanical repellents was generally lower than DEET as a synthetic repellent. However the 50% essential oil of myrtle showed a moderate repellency effects compared to marigold against An. stephensi

[ effect of safety management program on knowledge, attitude and practice [KAP] in health care personnel]

Health care personnel are always exposed to occupational injuries especially injuries due to sharp and cutting things. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate the effect of safe management performance on knowledge, attitude and practice [KAP] levels of the health care personnel of Baqyatallah Hospital, Iran. This experimental study was carried out in 2010, and 115 nurses were selected from 8 parallel wards; two random groups were shaped: experimental [n=59] and control [n=56] groups. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire including 59 questions on the personnel's knowledge, attitude and practice. The KAP was assessed in both groups after a two-month training period. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square, independent and paired t-test [P < 0.05]. Mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice in the experimental group before training were 6 +/- 2.4, 52.1 +/- 6.2 and 80.5 +/- 10.3 respectively; the corresponding scores in the control group were 5.9 +/- 2.3, 51.6 +/- 7 and 77.4 +/- 13.2 respectively; the difference between the two groups before training was not significant [P > 0.05]. However, the KAP scores of the experimental group after training became 15.7 +/- 2.6, 58.1 +/- 2.7 and 87 +/- 4.6 respectively, with the corresponding control group scores of 6.2 +/- 1.8, 50.6 +/- 7.1 and 76.7 +/- 13 respectively; the difference after training was significant [P < 0.05]. Implementing the safety management program caused an increase in the knowledge, attitude and practice of health care personnel and improved the safety levels

influence of porcelain firing cycle on marginal fitness of electroformed metal-ceramic crowns

Metal ceramic restorations are widely used in crowns. The marginal fitness of these artificial crowns is prone to alteration during the firing cycle of porcelain. Gold electro formed metal-ceramic restorations have been introduced as alternatives to conventional metal-ceramic restorations. However little is known about the relationship between procelain firing procedures and marginal adaptation of this type of crown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of firing procedures on the marginal adaptation of electroformed metal-ceramic crown restoration. One steel die was prepared for maxillary molar crowns with deep chamfer finishing line design. Ten standardized gold electroformed copings were fabricated. Marginal discrepancy was measured at four sites along the circumferential margin of each coping [Midbuccal - Midpalatal - Midmesial - Middistal] using SEM [Mag: X400] prior to and after porcelain firing procedure. Data among the 2 different groups [before porcelain firing] were statistically analyzed using the paired t-test [a=0.05] analysis. The marginal discrepancy of the postflring procedures [21.45 +/- 2.27micro m] were significantly greater than those of the prefiring procedures [18.23 +/- 1.96 micro m] [p<0.002]. The porcelain-firing procedures influenced the marginal distortion of electroformed metal-ceramic crown restorations, but the marginal discrepancies for all copings and examined design are clinically acceptable [less than 100 miro m]

Evaluation of hemodynamic changes due to protamine administration by calcium gluconate after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery

Administration of Protamine sulfate for heparin neutralization after cardiopulmonary bypass may be associated with adverse reactions such as transient hypotension to cardiovascular collapse. Although catastrophic events are rare and occur only in 2.6% of cardiac surgeries, it is associated with adverse postoperative outcome. The aim of this study is to investigate whether bolus administration of calcium gluconate can minimize the adverse hemodynamic effects of protamine. This randomized clinical trial [RCT] prospective study was conducted between Feb. 2006 to Dec. 2008. The patients were randomly allocated into three groups including group A [42 patients] who received only protamine after weaning from cardiopulmonary, group B [44 patients] concomitantly treated with protamine sulfate and calcium gluconate, and group C [40 patients] receiving calcium gluconate 5 minutes before administration of protamine. Hemodynamic variables such as systolic and diastolic blood pressures, mean of arterial pressure, central venous pressure and heart rate were obtained 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes after protamine administration from each group. Systolic blood pressure in groups A [control] and C [calcium administration before protamine] 0,2,4,6,8 and 10 minutes after protamine administration initially decreased and increased subsequently [P=0.228]. Also no statistically significant difference was found in diastolic blood pressure [DBP], mean arterial pressure [MAP], central venous pressure [CVP], and heart rate [HR] in 0,2,4,6,8, and 10 minutes in any of the three groups. In our study, hemodynamic changes in 10 minutes after protamine administration for heparin neutralization in patients with good left ventricular systolic function after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery were mild, and prophylactic calcium gluconate administration concurrent with or before protamine injection was not recommended

Hand hygiene practice in sabzevar hospitals, iran samadipour E., MSn master's in nursing education

Background and Purpose: Infection in healthcare settings is considered a serious risk and protection of the personnel and clients against it is a priority. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the hand hygiene practice in four treatment groups in Sabzevar hospitals in 2005

Methods and Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the hospital staff of Sabzevar hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran. The study sample [CI= 95%] with a 10% attrition rate was calculated to be 25, amounting to 100 in 4 groups, who were selected through convenient sampling. Luisham Observation checklist was used for data collection. For data analysis, ANOVA, t-test, Fisher's test, Chi-square and Tukey were used

Results: The findings revealed that adherence to hand hygiene practice in internists was 34.4%, in the surgical staff 21.3%, in the intensive group 15.65% and in doctors 16.59%. Out of 1356 situations of hand hygiene practice, only in 306 cases hand hygiene was practiced. In general, the mean percentage for the four groups was 22.6%

Conclusion: In general, the hand hygiene practice while taking care of patients is low and unsatisfactory

Some advices for proposal Systems

Nowadays the organizations and the CEOs have found out that empowering the personnel [intelligent elements] is the key of organizational success. This means payng attention to personnels abilities, efficiencies and knowledge, and improving them by appropriate training and encouraging them to participate in problem solving and decision making. This way, the managers can help their staff to improve their self-confidence and make them feel useful and efficient, which in turn promotes their commitment and interaction with the organization, and make them use their ultimate abilities to reach the organizations goals. We call this program as "partnership management system' in which the employees think actively about the organizations problems and present their solutions and their efficiency is promoted

[Screening of long Q-T syndrome in patients with congenital sensorineural hearing loss. [a study on 100 cases in the school of deaf children]]

The idiopathic long Q-T syndrome is an infrequent disorder, in which affected individuals have an unusual ECG repolarization abnormality presenting as syncope. Congenial long Q-T prolongation can be associated with congenital deafness in an autosomal recessive manner [Jerval and lange Nielson Syndrome]. This descriptive study was accomplished in 2003, on 100 cases with congenital deafness as the case group and 100 cases with intact hearing as the control group. The two groups were similar with respect to sex and age. ECG performed for the both groups and Q-T duration was measured according to Bazet formula. Data recorded in a questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics. The cases were between 7- 12 years old, with the mean age of 9. Almost 50% of cases were female and 50% were male. The mean Q-Tc duration was 0.42 sec in the control group, 0.42 sec in both females and males. The mean Q-Tc duration was 0.43 sec in the case group, 0.44 sec in female and 0.42 sec in male. In the case group, 44% had Q-Tc>0.46 sec [29% female and 15% male]. In the control group, 28% had QTc= 0.44 sec [14% male and 14% female]. The present study's data supported the presence of long Q-T syndrome in patients with sensorineural hearing loss in the studied population. So, Routine ECG screening is recommended in patients with congenital deafness

[Efficacy and safety of subconjunctival mitomycin c and daunorubicin in the treatment of pterygium]

To determine the efficacy and safety of subconjuctival injection of mitomycin C versus daunorubicin for treatment of pterygium. This randomized double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial included 54 eyes of 36 patients with pterygium who were referred to Al-Zahra Hospital, Zahedan-Iran in 2004. Eyes were randomly assigned to three groups including mitomycin C, daunorubicin or placebo. The injection was performed subconjuctivally at limbus under the pterygium. Patients were examined before and one month after injection. Change in symptoms and size reduction of pterygia and complications were compared among the three groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of age and primary pterygium size. Post-injection reduction in symptoms and pterygium size had no significant difference among the three groups. Post-njection complication rates were 72.2%, 93.3% and 40% in the mitomycin, daunorubicin and placebo groups, respectively. Serious complications were not seen in any group. Subconjuctival injection of mitomycin C and daunorubicin for treatment of pterygium is relatively safe, but has little effect in reducing symptoms and pterygium size

[ hypertension rate and it's risk factors in elders of Yasouj 2005]

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases that, causes lots of complications, it is not controlled. Sufferers should change their life style and avoid the risk factors. The aim of this research is to determine the hypertension rate and it's risk factors in elders of Yasouj in 2005. This is a descriptive analytical and cross-sectional study. Convenient sampling was done which was consisting of all elders above 60 referred to the health centers during the first six months of the year. Data collection instrument was questionnaire and also scale, meter and sphygmomanometer was used to determine weight, height and blood pressure. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics such as ; analysis of variance and x2 tests. 286[47 .4%] of elders were suffering from HTN out of which 233[38.6%] had HTN history and 53[8.8%], did not have any knowledge of their HTN. The BMI mean in elders with high blood pressure was 94.1 +/- 3.3 and in others, it was 23.1 +/- 2.3. The average weekly use of meat, eggs and smoking of patients with high blood pressure as compare to those with normal blood pressure did not show significant difference. Considering the risk factors of hypertension the necessity of screening and educating elders by health personnels to improve their life style is felt

[Evaluation of accommodation lag and it's signs and symptoms in some young females]

To evaluate the range of accommodation lag and it's signs and symptoms in 20-25 year-old female students at Zahedan Medical School, Iran. Three-hundred female students were enrolled for assessment of accommodation. After exclusion of individuals with individuals with accommodation disorders in 3 steps including amplitude of accommodation, accommodative facility, and relative accommodation; 216 students remained and were assessed for accommodative response and lag. Of 216 eligible persons, 28 [13%] had no accommodation lag. Accommodation lag of other degrees were as follow: +0.25 in 42 [19.4%], +0.50 in 40 [18.5%], +0.75 in 39 [18.1%], +1.00 in 51 [23.6%], +1.25 in 4 [1.9%], +1.5 in 10 [4.6%], and +1.75 in 2 [0.9%]. None of the 149 participations with accommodation lag of 0.00 to + 0.75 had any problem. From 51 persons with +1 accommodation lag, 6 [11.8% or 2.8% of total] had eye strain and 4 [2.8% or 1.9% of total] had both burning and eye strain. Overall, 4.2% had burning eye strain. Accommodation lag assessment is a necessary exam for complaints of eye strain and burning

Preventive effects of vitamin A and aspirin on UV light-induced retinopathy in an animal model

In order to identify the effects of vitamin A and aspirin on reducing UV light-induced retinopathy, ERG waves were compared before and after UV light exposure in rabbits. 30 rabbits were divided into 3 groups: the first group received vitamin A, 50,000 units I.M., single dose, the second group received aspirin, 50 mg/ Kg/day PO and the third group did not receive any medication. All three groups were exposed to UV light generated by three 30 watt lamps for 14 days. Baseline ERGs were recorded for all rabbits prior to UV light exposure and the second ERG was taken 14 days after exposure. The control group showed a 62.6% decrease in voltage amplitude from the baseline of photopic flicker 30 Hz ERG. This decrease was 28.6% for those who received vitamin A and only 8.8% for those who received aspirin. Regarding photopic single flash ERGs, the decrease in the voltage amplitude for control, vitamin A and aspirin groups was 49.02%, 26.14% and 24.83%, respectively. It was therefore concluded that vitamin A and aspirin have a preventive role on the side effects of UV light in the rabbit eye retina. Further studies are needed to elicit the appropriate dosage of aspirin and vitamin A in preventing the side effects of UV light in the human eye