ABSTRACT
Background: lead [Pb] induced oxidative stress is known to suppress growth performance in broiler chickens. The current study was carried out in an attempt to describe the specific underlying mechanisms of such phenomenon
Objectives: the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Pb-induced oxidative stress on performance, antioxidant status and behavioral responses of broiler chicken
Methods: eighty day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatment groups of 4 pen replicates, namely i] basal diet containing no lead supplement [control] and ii] basal diet containing 200 mg Pb/kg of diet
Results: the results showed that addition of lead decreased body weight gain [p<0.01] and feed conversion ratio [p<0.01]. Also, consumption of contaminated diet significantly increased MDA and H/L Ratio and significantly decreased SOD and GPx activity [p<0.01]. Moreover, addition of 200 mg/kg diet significantly increased sitting pasture and aggression behavior and decreased feeding behavior [p<0.01]
Conclusions: our data conclude that Pb-induced oxidative stress adversely suppressed feed conversion ratio and growth performance. The proposed underlying mechanism for such phenomenon is Pb-induced oxidative stress by impaired antioxidant status and feeding behavior decreased the growth performance
ABSTRACT
Background: Identifying the potential of livestock and forage plants of each region is a way to compensate the lack of forage, and efficient use of edible resources of the country. Milk Thistle is a medicinal plant which may be used as fodder for native livestock of Khuzestan Province
Objectives: The purpose of this research was to study the effects of different levels of Milk Thistle on rumen fungi and whole rumen microorganisms [WRM] of Khuzestan buffalo, with diets containing grains with different degradation rate [barley and maize]
Methods: The impact of diets containing different levels of Milk Thistle [0, 100 and 200 g per kg DM] on rumen fungi and WRM of buffalo was measured by different techniques
Results: Potential and rate of gas production from experimental diets by WRM were not significantly different. This parameters by buffalo rumen fungi were significantly differed and increased in diets containing Milk Thistle [p<0.05]. Adding Milk Thistle in the barley-based diet increased dry matter and NDF digestibility numerically while in the corn-based diet dry matter and NDF digestibility was slightly reduced. In the SRFCM, NDF digestibility, in both basal diets in 9 days and during total period was affected by diets containing Milk Thistle and decreased NDF digestibility with increasing levels of Milk Thistle [p<0.05]. Regardless of the type of basal diet, digestibility of NDF [p<0.05] and dry matter [p>0.05] for day 6, were increased with increasing the amount of Milk Thistle
Conclusions: In general, the use of Milk Thistle did not have negative effect on microorganisms and digestion of nutrients by them. Therefore, results suggest that Milk Thistle could be used up to 20 percentage in buffalo diet without any negative effect on digestion and fermentation characteristics by total microorganisms and fungi
ABSTRACT
Preventing enamel demineralization around brackets is a concern for orthodontists. Fluoride releasing materials have been recommended to overcome this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating nanohydroxyapatite [NHA] into resin modified glass ionomer cements [RMGIC] on ceramic bracket debonding. In this experimental study, 80 human premolars were divided into 4 bonding groups as follows: group 1: Transbond XT [TBXT] [control group], group 2: Fuji II LC [RMGIC], group 3: 5% NHA added to RMGIC and group 4 10% NHA added to RMGIC. After enamel etching, ceramic brackets were bonded. The shear bond strength [SBS] and the adhesive remnant index [ARI] were calculated for each group. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc HSD test and the Kruskal Wallis test. According to ANOVA, 10% NHA added to RMGIC had a significantly lower SBS compared to other groups [11.93 +/- 2.11] but no significant difference was found among the remaining groups. The mean SBS was 17.33 +/- 4.07 MPa in group 1, 17.22 +/- 3.55 MPa in group 2 and 16.56 +/- 2.59 MPa in group 3. According to ARI, the predominant failure mode in RMGIC groups was cohesive. Resin modified glass ionomer cements containing 5% NHA can be as effective as composite resins for bonding ceramic brackets
ABSTRACT
A 14-year-old male presented to the ophthalmology clinic with a history of asthenopia. Laboratory, radiological and histopathol-ogical studies confirmed the diagnosis of allergic fungal sinusitis resulting in lateral displacement of the medial rectus muscles. Symptoms improved and near point of convergence recovered after surgical endoscopic decompression of the ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses
ABSTRACT
To compare the prevalence of ocular symptoms and signs in professional video-display users [VDU] and non-users. This cross-sectional case-control study was performed on bank staff who used computer for their task as the VDU group and staff who did not work with computer as controls. Ocular symptoms were evaluated based on a questionnaire and signs were detected according to complete ocular examination. The VDU group included 34 male and 23 female subjects with mean age of 30.7 +/- 6.8 years and controls included 25 male and 31 female subjects with mean age of 27.6 +/- 7.2 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding age and sex. Ocular symptoms included burning and tearing in 79% vs 45% [P=0.037], dry eye sensation in 66% vs 32% [P= 0.022] and asthenopia in 64.8% vs 40% [P=0.044] of the VDU group vs controls, respectively. Dry eye based on Schirmer test of less than 10 mm after 5 minutes was found in 40.3% vs 10.7% in the VDU group and controls, respectively [P=0.012]. Tear break up time of less than 10 seconds was seen in 43.8% of the VDU group and 8.9% of the control group [P=0.044]. Heterophoria was present in 33.2% of the VDU group vs 5.3% of controls [P=0.032]. There was no difference between the two groups regarding myopia [54.3% in the VDU group vs 39.2% in controls]. Ocular complaints such as burning and tearing, dry eye sensation and asthenopia were more prevalent in video-display users
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the effect of laser in situ keratomileusis [LASIK] on stereoacuity [SA]. In this prospective study, 200 patients scheduled for LASIK were evaluated for SA preoperatively and one week and one and three months postoperatively by Random Dot test. Patients with preoperative SA worse than 480 sec/arc were excluded. Patients included 138 female [69%] and 62 male [31%] subjects. Spherical equivalent was between -0.5 and -12.0 D. Mean preoperative SA was 124.80 +/- 124.64 [range 480-15] sec/arc which deteriorated to 138.30 +/- 126.48 sec/arc one week after surgery [P= 0.158] and improved to 111.30 +/- 112.15 sec/arc [P=0.002] one month and 103.65+112.20 sec/arc [P=0.001] three months postoperatively. Patients with anisometropia had lower SA. Eventually, SA increased in 5 nonamblyopic anisometropic patients. Overall, stereoacuity decreased in 9.5%, increased in 32.5% and remained unchanged in 58% of patients [P=0.007]. Despite the overall improvement in mean SA after LASIK, a considerable number of patients experienced decreased SA. It seems that anisometropic patients without amblyopia have a higher chance for improvement in SA
ABSTRACT
Age- related cataract is the main cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. Surgery is the only treatment currently available for lens opacity. It is the most frequently performed procedure in ophthalmology. There are many different advantage and disadvantages. Today, ultrasound phaco-emulsification is the most performed method for surgery. One of alternative energy forms is laser photolysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean energy delivery to eye using Dodick laser photolysis for phaco-emulsification. 76 eyes from 76 patients at Aban Eye Clinic in Esfahan were introduced to study. Cataract density was rated preoperatively using lens opacity classification system III [LOCS III] on 0 to +4 density scale. Lenses with +4 nuclear density scales were excluded. Finally 67 eyes were operated with ARC Dodick laser photolysis system throw 2.8 mm clear corneal incision. Delivered energy was recorded. Of 67 patients, 39 [58.2%] were male and 28 [41.8%] were female, and had a mean age of 58.3+12.8 [14-84 years]. There was no statistically significant difference between age of male patients [56.5+12.8] and female patients [60.7+11.9] [p=0.18]. Mean delivered energy to eyes was 4.5+2.6 joules for nucleuses with density of +1, +2 and +3 mean delivered energy was calculated as 3.32+2.60, 3.7+2.59 and 5.7+2.23 joules respectively. Finally it was reverted that there was a direct relationship between delivered energy and nuclear density [p=0.00001, r=0.57]. In spite of the lower amount of energy used, as the preoperative hardness of lens nucleus or lengthening of operation cannot be predicted before surgery, this technique is not well- accepted; hopefully with resolving of technical problems in the future, it can be used more properly