ABSTRACT
Lymphatic metastasis is a determining factor in treatment modality selection and prognosis of laryngeal cancer. It occurs because of separation of tumor cell from primary foci and deposition in lymphatic nodules which in turn occurs because of weakening of cell-cell adhesion. E-cadherin is a cellular adhesion molecule. Abnormal expression of this molecule may lead intercellular connection weakening and following metastasis. In this study we assess the correlation of abnormal expression of this molecule and metastasis. It is done as a prospective study on 47 proved laryngeal cancer. Initially, samples are divided into metastatic and non metastatic group. In next step, Immunohistochemistry was done to show E-cadherin expression. It was done as a blind study. In this study we use from a scoring system in order to convert qualitative data to semi quantitative ones. From total 47 cases, 21 case were metastatic and 26 cases were non metastatic. Nearly 70% had altered E-cadherin expression. We found significant statistical correlation between Abnormal expression of E-cadherin and tumor grade and metastasis P=0.000 and P=0.002, respectively. Also, tumor grade and metastasis had significant correlation. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin is a common finding among laryngeal cancers. It is directly related to metastasis and tumor grade. So, it can be used as predicting marker in order to choose more-aggressive treatment modality to improve prognosis and probably survival
ABSTRACT
Rhinoplasty is the most common aesthetic surgery in Iran which is done more and more. In majority, lateral osteotomy is the integral part of rhinoplasty that has two major methods: external [perforating or non-continuous] and internal [endonasal or continuous]. It is the surgeon's choice according the experience and comfort. Edema and ecchymosis are major sequels of this operation. We compared these two techniques regarding ecchymosis and edema. It is done as a clinical prospective randomized trial on two 40- patient groups with informed consent. In one group, we did lateral external osteotomy and in another group, internal lateral osteotomy was done in the same condition. Data were gathered and recorded according visual scoring system which was done by two blinded examiners by comparing sample in data sheath with patient. We compared both sequels in second and seventh day. Edema was the same in both groups in second and seventh days. Ecchymosis was not significantly different in seventh day in both groups. But, ecchymosis was significantly less in internal group, comparing with External group in second days. External and internal osteotomy techniques were the same regarding edema but internal technique produced less ecchymosis in second postoperative day
ABSTRACT
Chronic sinusitis afflicts a significant percentage of the population and causes long-term morbidity. Common use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may alter pattern and frequency of bacterial pathogens. Regarding the fact that postnasal discharge [PND] is a common symptom and sign in patients, in this study we evaluated not only the bacteriology of sinuses but also we assessed the relationship of sinus culture results and PND culture results. It is done as a prospective study in 50 patients [21 female and 29 males]. In spite of long-term broad-spectrum use of antibiotics at least for 3months, they had persistent chronic sinusitis. In next step we suggested them endoscopic surgery. Endoscopic visualized swab samples from afflicted meatus and nasopharynx were obtained and cultured in aerobic and anaerobic condition and results were compared with each other. Coagulase negative staphylococcus [36%] staphylococcus aureus [20%] and Entrobacter auroginosa [36%] were the commonest bacteria cultured in sinuses. Culture was positive in 96% and negative in 4%. Concerning sinus and nasopharynx, statistical significant correlation was found in all three bacteria mentioned above in culture results. In comparison with other studies, it showed similar results even in long-term antibiotic treated patients, and it had less effect on bacteriologic composition. On the other hand, nasopharynx culture was a reliable marker for sinus bacteriology