Synthesis and anti-intracellular Copper overload evaluation of Nanoconjugated D-penicillamine -Dendrimer in Wilson's model cells

Background and Objective: Wilson's disease [WD] is caused by mutation to the cooer-transporting gene ATP7B. Chelation therapy is the main protochol of treatment for patients with Wilson's disease. D-penicillamine is one of the well-known chelator agants which is used in WD treatment but it can not enter into the intracellular space.This study was done to evaluate the synthesis and anti-intracellular Copper overload evaluation of Nanoconjugated D-penicillamine -Dendrimer in Wilson's model cells

Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, initially 0.01 mm polyethylene glycol [PEG] and 0.0018 mm citric acid, Dendrimer was synthesized. After purification by dialysis bag and lyophilization, lOmg dendrimer was conjugated to 3.3mg D-penicillamine. Nanoconjugated D-penicillamine-dendrimer was injected on Wilson's model cells. After incubation and centrifugation intracellular measurement of copper concentration and FTIR test were done

Results: Copper accumulation significantly reduced in the HepG2 WD cell by Nanoconjugated D-penicillamine - Dendrimer in compared to D-penicillamine [P<0.05]. Copper accumulation was determined to be 46.61, MTT assay showed no toxicological damage in HepG2 WD cell

Conclusion: Nanoconjugated D-penicillamine -Dendrimer can reduces intracellular concentration of Copper

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene Glu298Asp polymorphism in patients with coronary artery disease

Endo-derived nitric oxide [NO] is synthesized from L-arginine by endothelial nitric oxide synthase [NOS3]. Since reduced NO synthesis in endothelial cells has been implicated in the development of coronary atherosclerosis, we investigated the association of NOS3 gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease [CAD] in an Iranian population. We studied the NOS3 gene Glu298Asp polymorphism in 241 CAD patients with positive coronary angiograms [i.e., >50% stenosis affecting at least one coronary vessel] in Shahid Rajaee Heart Hospital and 261 control subjects without a history of symptomatic CAD. The NOS3 gene polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Lipid profile and other risk factors were also determined. The genotype frequencies of Glu298Asp polymorphism for Glu/Glu, Glu/Asp, and Asp/Asp were 61.3%, 32.2%, and 6.5%, respectively, in control subjects, and 46.5%, 42.7%, and 10.8% in CAD patients, respectively. The genotype frequencies differed significantly between the two groups [P=.003]. The frequencies of the Asp alleles were 32.2% and 22.6% for CAD patients and control subjects, respectively; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant [P=.001; odds ratio=1.6]. Plasma lipids, except HDL-C, were also significantly increased in the CAD groups. These results suggest that CAD is associated with Glu298Asp polymorphism of the NOS3 gene in our population and that this polymorphism is an independent risk factor for CAD

[Report of two cases of familial chronic pancreatitis]

Chronic Pancreatitis is a rare inflammatory Disease which can occur due to Different Causes such as: Alcohol consumption, Hyperparathyroidism Hypertriglyceridemia Pancereatid divisum [1]. Chronic Pancreatitis can be Sub grouped as: Lithogenic, obstructive, Inflammatory, Autoimmune, Idiopathic pancreatic fibrosis, Tropical, Familial. We report two cases of familial chronic pancreatitis in 5 and 16 years old girls which were cousin. Both girls referred with epigastric pain with radiation to the back and chronic nausea and vomiting. With primary diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis both patients went under ERCP and panceratograhy which revealed dilation and Irregularity of pancreatic duct with stone. Both cases operated by Fery procedure [Longitudianl Roux-en-y] Pancreaticojejunostomy. Postoperatively, both girls were symptom free and normal life

[ survey on prevalence and risk factors for antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from samples in Kashan hospitals]

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus [MRSA] is a serious problem in hospitals. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and related risk factors of methicillin resistance S. aureus isolated from clinical specimens in Kashan hospitals. This descriptive study was carried out on 100 S .aureus strains isolated from patients admitted to Kashan hospitals in 2006- 2007. Strains were inoculated on blood agar containing 5% sheep blood and 7.5% mannitol salt agar media, and were incubated at 35°C for 24 hours. The isolated S. aureus strains were identified using gram staining, catalase test, coagulase tube test, growth on chrome agar and the DNAse test. The antibiotic sensitivity test was determined by disk diffusion method. Variables including age, sex, previous hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, previous antibiotic therapy, and type of the disease, were recorded in questionarres. Data were analyzed statistically by the Chi-square and Fischer's exact tests. Penicillin and Ciprofloxacin revealed the highest and lowest resistance rates respectively [99%, vs 11%]. Meticillin resistance was 22% and an intermediate resistance to Vancomycin was detected in 7% of isolates. A significant correlation was established among the presence of resistant staphylococci with age of more than 46 years old [P<0.040], previous hospitalization [P<0.000], hospitalization for more than 1 week [P<0.000], previous antibiotic therapy [P<0.004], and administration of antibiotics for more than 1 week [P<0.002]. Awareness about the prevalence of antibiotic resistant S. aureus and identification of risk factors for infection with resistant isolates is essential to help clinicians, choosing appropriate antibiotic regimen

Assessment of preparedness of the ambulances in Isfahan in 1384

In developed countries, good management and automatic equipments work together to ensure the response to emergencies as soon as possible. It is being included ambulances as a main vehicle for transporting and referring patients. Now ambulances with experienced personnels are used to patient' satisfy transfer. Though there were some reports about mortality during transporting due to impairs in these vehicles in Isfahan province, we decided to assess preparedness of ambulances there in 1384[2005]. In a descriptive study, all of 204 ambulance in Isfahan were assessed. A checklist was designed based on standards of ambulance equipment and supplies, and used for gathering required information. Urgency and governmental, private and charity hospitals, had 60, 28, 34 and 44 ambulances respectively. 38 ambulances belonged to other health centers. 87.86% of ambulances were prepared form techicical1y. The preparedness was sufficient in only 25.41%, 29.l8% 7l.67% and 31.71 of ambulnces respectively in necessary equipments, essential drugs, observation health and welfare. We can prepare essential drugs and necessary equipments at first step. It is possible to mobilize the ambulances on the basis of kind of referring

Surveying Desferal production increment by inducing mutation in Streptomyces griseoflavus

Desferal or Desferrioxamine B mesylate is an iron chealator drug. This medicine decreases the iron overload in the thalassemia patients who have been blood transfused; the excess of iron is excreted through bile or urine. Novartis is the sole company which produces desferrioxamine B mesylate in the world and our country is importer of such drug. Thus we tried to increase Desferal production by inducing mutation in Streptomyces griseoflavus. This is an applied research carried out at pilot level. The organism is a Gram-positive bacterium that was supplied in lyophilized by Persian Type culture Collection, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology [IROST], Tehran, Iran bearing the code no. PTCC1130, which was cultured on Des4 medium. The organism was mutated by UV irradiation hence selective techniques and markers were employed to distinguish marked strains from parent S. griseoflavus. When the mutated organisms were selected according to their characteristics and used to fuse their protoplasts in order to obtain high yield desferrioxamine producing recombinant Streptomyces griseoflavus. The varied parameters were bacterial growth rate and desferal concentration in the culture broth. Our study showed that the rate of desferal production in mutant's strains called C7031 and S7011 and fusants srains called FP10 and FP9 was higher than wiled type Streptomyces griseoflavus. The increment in production of desferrioxamine was found to be 68% in FP9 and 81% in FP10 fusants. The mutation and protoplasts fusion of Streptomyces griseoflavus caused increment in production of desferrioxamine. The infrared spectrum, thin layer chromatogram of desferrioxamine extracted from culture broth was similar to that of standard desferrioxamine [Novartis] from the point of molecular identity

[Effects of cool dialysate temperature on stabilizing hemodynamic parameters in diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis]

Hypotension is the most common acute complication of hemodialysis. To ameliorate symptomatic hypotiension during dialysis, cool temperature dialysate has been recommended. Since reports show that not all patients benefit from cool dialysis, it seems necessary to determine which patients benefit more from cool dialysis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of cool dialysis on hemodynamic parameters in diabetic patients; serum nitric oxide levels also were determined to find any possible association. Twenty diabetic patients [mean age 63.3 +/- 7.5] were included in the study. Each patient was dialyzed twice, once using cool and once using warm dialysate solution. Apart from a change in temperature to 35°C, all other conditions remained the same during the study. Hemodynamic parameters including SBP, DBP, and HR were measured hourly, the number of hypotension episodes was also determined. Oral temperature was measured before and after dialysis. Serum urea and nitric oxide metabolites [NOx] were determined before and after hemodialysis. SBP, DBP, and MAP decreased significantly during warm, as compared to cool, dialysis. Maximum decreases in SBP, DBP, and MAP were seen in the third hour of dialysis and these were 18, 17, and 14 percent for warm and 6, 1, and 4 percent for cool dialysis respectively. HR showed no significant difference between the two groups. Compared to before dialysis, NOx levels decreased significantly in cool and warm conditions after dialysis [59 +/- 5 vs. 37 +/- 4, and 63 +/- 7 vs. 41 +/- 5, respectively, P<0.01]. Cool dialysis could decrease episodes of hypotension and stabilize hemodynamic parameters in diabetic patients. Mechanisms other than increased serum nitric oxide levels are involved in hemodialysis hypotension in diabetic patients

[Effect of oral administration of propylthiouracil during pregnancy and lactation in female rats on isolated aorta response in their adult male off springs]

Thyroid hormones have extensive effects on differentiation, development, and growth of different organs. Effect of the administration of PTU in pregnant and lactating rats on isolated aorta response of their adult off-springs has been investigated. Three groups of female rats were selected. In the first group, [fetal group], observation of vaginal plug after mating was considered as the first day of pregnancy, and then PTU was added to their drinking water until the end of gestational period. In the second group, PTU was added to the drinking water of female rats from the time of labor for 25 days postpartum, [neonatal group]. The third group was the control group which consumed only drinking water. In all three groups totalþ thyroxine [tT4], free thyroxine [fT4], total triiodothyronine [tT3], free triiodothyronine [fT3] and TSH were measured in the sera obtained from the mothers, immediately after discontinuing the drug. Levels of the above mentioned hormones, [except TSH], in fetal and neonatal groups were significantly lower than control group [p<0.05] TSH in fetal and neonatal groups was significantly higher than controls, [p<0.001]. After two months the adult off springs were anesthetized, dissected and isolated aorta response was examined against KCl and phenylephrine. Results of this study indicated that responsiveness of aorta in fetal group was significantly decreased compared to the control group [p<0.05], but neonatal group had no significant difference with the control group. Hypothyroidism in fetal period has significant effects on differentiation and development of vascular bed, [aorta], in a way that can be still observed during adulthood