Drug resistance pattern and outcome of treatment in recurrent episodes of tuberculosis

Patterns of drug resistance in recurrent cases of tuberculosis may be different than in those without a history of treatment. In this retrospective study, the drug resistance pattern and outcome of treatment with DOTS category I [CAT I] regimen was compared in 63 recurrent cases and 872 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis from April 2003 to January 2008 at the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Resistance to isoniazid and ethambutol was significantly more common in recurrent cases, but there were no differences in rates of resistance to rifampin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin or the rate of multi-drug resistant strains. Resistance to streptomycin was the most common. No significant differences in treatment outcome and deaths were found between the 2 groups. Due to the low frequency of multi-drug resistance in the recurrent cases, a CAT I regimen may be suitable for empirical therapy before drug sensitivity results become available

[Clinical evaluation of Bio-Oss alone and in combination with PRP in the treatment of grade II mandibular molar furcation defects]

Furcation involvement is a condition in which the destruction of interradicular periodontium occurs in the branching area of multirooted teeth, for which different treatment modalities have been suggested. The aim of this study was to compare the response of grade II mandibular molar furcation defects to Bio-oss versus Platelet Rich Plasma [PRP] and Bio-oss treatment. In this randomized clinical trial, five patients with bilateral grade II furcation involvement of mandibular molars were selected from those referred to the School of Dentistry, Shahed University of Medical Sciences. The molars were treated with Bio-oss and PRP on one side and Bio-oss on the other side. Measurements of the probing pocket depth [PPD], and clinical attachment level [CAL] were recorded at baseline, 1.5 and 3 months after surgery. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis. At 1.5 and 3 months after surgery, the mean PPD reduction in the middle area of the furcation, was 2.4 +/- 1.67 mm and 3 +/- 2.0 mm in the test and 1 +/- 1.22 mm and 1.1 +/- 0.89 mm in the control groups, respectively. The mean attachment gain at the same place was 1.6 +/- 0.54 mm at 1.5 months and 1.8 +/- 0.44 mm at 3 months in the test group, and 1.5 +/- 1.0mm at 1.5 months and 1.4 +/- 1.34 mm at 3 months in the control group. The results of this study showed no significant difference between treatment with Bio-Oss with and without PRP in regeneration of grade II furcation involvement