ABSTRACT
Background: Basil [Ocimum basilicum L.], is a member of a Lamiaceae family with antibacterial and antioxidant properties in essential oils which composed of phenylpropanoids. The evidence shows that plant hormones effective on the genes expression and increases the production of secondary metabolites
Objective: The aim was to determine chanes in the content of total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin and antioxidant of basil at different stages, using growth regulators
Methods: This research was carried out at the Biotechnology research institute of university of zabol, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete design with 3 replications. The treatments were growth regulators [with 0.1 mM/l gibberellic acid, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid and control [sprayed with distilled water without growth regulators]] and growth stages [seedling, perflowering and flowering] and harvested after 24 hours post treatments at different stages
Results: Results showed a significant effect of growth regulators and different growth stages on the content of total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin and antioxidant.Total phenolics, flavonoids indicate a significant increased. Generally, the maximum amounts of the content of total phenols, flavonoids was obtained in 0.1 mM jasmonic acid, gibberellic acid in compared to the control at flowering stage. factors consist of anthocyanins, ascorbate, catalase and guaiacol peroxide activity, considerably were increased by salicylic acid and gibberellic acid compared to the cotrol at flowering stage [P
Conclusion: The phenol compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanin and antioxidant enzymes which were increased oxidative stress, resulting from the absorption of hormones, activation of antioxidant plant and the key role of PAL
ABSTRACT
Opium poppy contains important pharmaceutical alkaloids such as Morphine, Codeine, Thebaine, Noscapine, Papaverine and Sanguinarine which are of a high economic value in pharmaceutical industries. Since production volume of secondary metabolites is very low, many strategies have been so far adopted for commercialization of its production. This research has been carried out to investigate accumulation process of morphinan alkaloids in opium poppy plant during different stages of growth. Opium poppy plant was cultured in greenhouse condition and during three stages of seed, development and flowering, samples have been taken from root and aerial organs' tissues and after extraction of alkaloid from each specimen separately, amount of Morphine, Codeine and Thebaine using High Performance Liquid Chromatography [HPLC] was measured. Results indicated that amount of these alkaloids differs in various parts of plant during different stages of growth. Highest content of Morphine, Codeine and Thebaine was observed in aerial organs and at flowering stage of this plant. Morphine was the dominant alkaloid in all parts of plant. After study of the results, it was found that the plant's growth stage has a crucial role in the under study alkaloids concentration amount, so as the amount of all the three alkaloids, Morphine, Codeine, and Thebaine after flowering stage, both in the roots and aerial organs, is by far more than their amount at growth and seeds stages. Since the largest amount of morphine was observed in flowering stage, it seems that application of new techniques such as metabolic engineering will yield better results at this stage
ABSTRACT
Pneumonia in ventilated intensive care unit [ICU] patients is one of the most serious nosocomial infections with a frequently fatal outcome. Retrograde colonization of the oropharynx from the stomach by micro-aspiration of gastric fluid was shown to be associated with pneumonia. The purpose of the present study was to compare the frequency of ventilator-associated pneumonia [VAP] between two groups of ICU patients taking gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis including ranitidine or omeprazole. This double-blind randomized clinical trial was achieved on 129 subjects receiving at least 48 hours mechanical ventilation. They were assigned in 2 groups of ranitidine and omeprazole as the prophylactic regimen of stress-related gastrointestinal bleeding. In ranitidine group, 6 patients [9.7%] developed VAP compared to 8 subjects [13.1%] in the other group, however, chi square analysis failed to show a significant difference [P=0.4]. The incidence of VAP in ICU patients receiving either ranitidine or omeprazole did not differ significantly, however, further studies with greater sample size are required to draw a firm decision