Prevalence of posterior capsular opacification after intravitreal dexamethasone and subconjunctival mydricaine injections in paediatric cataract surgery

Objective: to determine the prevalence of posterior capsular opacification in congenital cataract surgery after intravitreal dexamethasone and subconjunctival mydricaine injections

Material and Methods: this prospective study was conducted in Eye unit 1, Services Hospital, SIMS, Lahore from 21/7/2008 to 26/6/2013. During this period we evaluated 30 eyes in 30 children aged 4 months to 2 years with congenital cataract with no other associated anterior or posterior segment pathology after intravitreal dexamethasone and subconjunctival mydricaine injection. A comprehensive detailed history, demographic data, surgical techniques and the prevalence of delayed post-operative co plication like posterior capsular opacification was noted

Results: the incidence of posterior capsular opacification was observed in 64% of the congenital cataracts after surgical intervention with intravitreal dexamethasone and subconjunctival mydricaine injections

Conclusion: the present study revealed that use of intravitreal dexamethasone and subconjunctival mydricaine injections during paediatric cataract surgery provides better surgical outcome in terms of clearer visual axis due to less inflammation and synechiael formation which decreases the incidence of posterior capsular opacification in these cases of congenital cataracts

Serum anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in patients with endogenous depression

A total of 80 subjects were divided into two groups. Groups A included 20 normal healthy control subjects and group B included 60 subjects with endogenous depression Anti-TPO antibodies were performed by commercially available kits. Results were analysed by using students T test and level of significance was done. Anti-TPO antibodies were significantly raised in patients with endogenous depression

Incidence of anterior chamber contamination after cataract surgery

Objective: to establish the incidence of bacterial contamination of the anterior chamber at the end of cataract surgery and to find the relationship of bacteria isolated from the anterior chamber at the end of surgery to the positive culture swab from lid and conjunctiva

Material and Methods: in this prospective, randomized trial, fifty eyes of 50 patients undergoing cataract surgery, using extracapsular cataract extraction [ECCE] or phacoemulsification technique with or without intraocular lens [IOL] implantation were included in the study. A swab for culture was taken from inferior conjunctiva! Fornix and lid margin prior to the application of povidone-iodine solution. At the conclusion of surgery 0.1 ml fluid was aspirated from the anterior chamber [AC] with 1 ml syringe. Both specimens were inoculated on blood agar, MacConkey's agar and chocolate agar

Results: nine [18%] of the lid/conjunctiva! swabs were found to be positive for bacteria. 7 [14 %] of the anterior chamber fluid specimen were culture positive. In 4 of the 7 [57%] cases, bacteria in the anterior chamber tap were the same as those found in the lids and conjunctiva which proves a definite source of bacteria that enter the anterior chamber

Conclusion: anterior chamber does get contaminated during cataract surgery in spite of all precautions and aseptic techniques employed

Role of adjunctive use of intravitreal bevacizumab for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy before vitrectomy

The purpose of this work to assess the results and to determine the appropriate timing of pars plana vitrectomy after pretreatment with intravitreal Bevacizumab for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. This prospective study was conducted in Eye Unit I, Services Hospital/ SIMS Lahore for the duration of 6 months from October 2008-March 2009. Twenty one eyes of fifteen patients suffering from problem of proliferative diabetic retinopathy [PDR] were included in this study. These consisted of male as well as female patients with age range of 40-65 years. A written informed consent was obtained from all patients. All of them were completely evaluated in Eye OPD, Lahore. Fluorescein angiography was advised to every patient. An intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg / 0.05 ml was given with complete antiseptic technique, three days to two weeks prior to pars plana vitrectomy. Mini- mum bleeding during pars plana vitrectomy of fibrovascular membrane and less post-operative complications were observed. The complications were less in cases having intravitreal injection of bevacizumab before surgery for shorter duration as compared to longer period. Adjunctive use of intravitreal bevacizumab for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy before pars plana vitrectomy is very effective. The appropriate timing of vitrectomy after intravitreal bevacizumab need to be further evaluated

Microbiological surveillance of operation theatres and ICUs of a tertiary care hospital, Lahore

The aims of this work was to study the level of bacterial contamination of air, surfaces and equipment in operation theatres of a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. Settle plates method was used for air samples and swabs for surfaces and other articles. High bacteriological contamination of air and sucker machine was detected and total bacteriological counts in air samples was high. On the other hand surfaces showed less bacterial contamination. It is concluded that microbiological surveillance of operating theaters can play an important role in reducing bacterial contamination consequently peroperative infectious episodes can be reduced considerably

Role of investigations in Uveitis

Background: To outline the need / use of investigations in cases of uveitis

Methods and Patients: This study was carried out from April 2001 to July 2004 in Unit I affiliated to Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore. Total duration was more than 3 years. All the patients underwent complete ophthalmological and medical evaluation. Eye examination included record of visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp biomicroscopy and examination of the posterior segment with indirect ophthalmoscope and 78D lens. Baseline screening tests were advised in all cases of uveitis. Special investigations were ordered only when there was high clinical suspicion of systemic diseases

Results: 69 eyes of 42 patients of uveitis of different varieties were followed for more than 3 years. 71% of patients were males while 29% were females. 60% of the patients belonged to younger age group between 20-39 years of age. Anterior uveitis was present in 69% of patients; 20% of these patients had unilateral recurrent anterior uveitis while 21% had posterior uveitis, and remaining 10% had other types of uveitis. Baseline screening tests revealed raised ESR in all 42 patients and lymphocytosis in the patient with carcinoma of prostate. All other investigations whether baseline or specialized were negative

Conclusion: We conclude that detailed investigations are not justified in all patients of uveitis and they should be ordered only when a reasonable chance exists that they will provide useful diagnostic information for a particular patient

Evaluation of the nucleolar organizer region associated proteins in exfoliative cytology of buccal mucosa of smokers and non-smokers

Background: Cigarette smoking influences proliferative activity in buccal mucosal cells. The argyrophylic nucleolar organizer region [AgNOR] count has been found to a reliable parameter in determining the proliferative activity. The present study aims at assessing AgNOR count in buccal mucosal cells of smoker and nonsmokers

Methods: The cytological smears of normal buccal mucosa in 75 smokers and 75 nonsmokers were stained for AgNORs. The AgNORs were counted in 100 cells independently by two observes. The count values of groups were compared and analyzed using student's t test

Results: The difference between counts of the two observers was found to be non significant [p> 0.05]. The AgNORs count per cell in smokers [3.280.41] was significantly higher [p<0.01] than AgNORs count per cell in non-smokers [1.820.28]

Conclusion: It is possible on the basis of AgNORs count to differentiate between smoker's buccal mucosaI cells and that of non-smoker's - the effect of smoking. This study also indicates that the AgNOR technique is a simple, rapid, reproducible and inexpensive method. It is concluded that cigarette smoking influences the proliferative activity in buccal mucosal cells

Coagulation profile in patients with breast cancer

Fifty subjects with breast cancer patients and 25 healthy control were included in this study. Routine hematological investigations i.e. Hb, TLC, platelets count were done by hematology analyzer and specific investigations like prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT] and fibrinogen level were performed by using commercially available kits. Results obtained were analyzed by using Student's 't' test and level of significance was done. Platelets count and fibrinogen levels were increased in breast cancer patients but PT and APTT were comparable with control group

Pattern of primary pulmonary malignancies in central Punjab

Three hundred patients of primary malignancies of the lung from Gulab Devi Chest Hospital and other hospitals of Lahore were studied. The history of the patients and their clinical findings were recorded. The sections of the tissues were stained with haematoxylin and eosin whereas all large cell carcinomas were stained with Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid-Schiff [AB-PAS] stain. There were 255 males and 45 females with a male to female ration of 5.7:1. The age ranged from 10-90 years with a mean age of 54.17 +/- 3.46 years. Different tumours were significantly more [p<0.001] in males than in females. The mean age in squamous cell carcinoma cases was significantly high [P<0.001] as compared to adenocarcinoma. Small cell carcinoma cases had significantly low [P<0.02] mean age as compared to squamous cell carcinoma. The difference of mean age in cases of adenocarcinoma approached significant level [0.1> P>0.05] as compared with small cell carcinoma

experimental study of albino rats fed on nigella sativa and aspirin for four weeks duration: determination of coagulation profile

Ninety albino rats were selected and were divided into six groups on the basis of different diets given. Control group [I] was fed on synthetic diet and experimental groups [IIA, IIB, IIC, IID and IIE] were fed on 1 mg aspirin, 15mg, 30 mg, 45 mg Nigella Sativa per kg body weight respectively while HE was given 30 mg NS and 1 mg aspirin/kg body wt. Blood samples were collected by heart puncture and Coagulation parameters were done. BT was prolonged in groups taking aspirin only. APTT was reduced significantly in groups taking different concentration of NS when compared with control. Percentage of clot retraction was weak significantly in groups taking aspirin only when comparing with other groups

Serum lipid profile in patients of acute and transient psychotic disorders

Forty subjects, aged 15-45 years were randomly selected. Subjects were separated age wise into 1st group [15-30 years] and 2nd group [31-45 years]. They were divided into groups A and C. Group A included twenty patients of acute and transient psychiatric disorder while group C includes 20 age and sex matched normal controls. Serum total cholesterol [TC], Serum triglyceride [TG], Serum HDL-c and Serum phospholipid were done by using colorimetric methods. Serum LDL-c was calculated by Friedwald equation. Results obtained were analyzed by using students 't' test and level of significance was done. Altered lipid metabolism was found in patients of acute and transient psychotic disorders with decreased Serum TC, LDL-c and phospholipids