Wound healing activity of Origanum vulgare against surgical wounds infected by Staphylococcm aureus in a rat model

Wound infection has become a major medical problem in recent years. This is usually caused by Gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococcus aureus. Since antimicrobial resistance to current drugs has critically been developed in these causative microorganisms, substitution medicine has become one of the main interests within researchers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing activity of Origanum vulgare against surgical wounds infected by S. aureus. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. Excisions were created surgically on the animals' skin and then infected with S. aureus. Group 1 was treated with an extract of O. vulgare while Group 2 was untreated. Wound biopsy specimens were collected on Days 5,10 and 16 and analyzed. Results showed that the hydroxyproline content in the treatment group was significantly higher in various post wounding days. The mean of hexosamine in the treated group was higher than in the control group. Protein content increased gradually in Day 10. Results of histopathological studies showed moderate to intense granulation tissue formation and neovascularization in the treated group on Day 10. Furthermore, the histopathological studies showed that intense matrix formation and collagen fiber deposition occurred in treatment group on Day 16 post wound, while intense granulation tissue formation was the prominent feature in control group. The present study has demonstrated that the ethanol extract of O. vulgare contains properties that accelerate wound healing activities compared to control group

[Correlation among neuropsychological tests and questionnaires in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]

Current study aimed to assess the possibility of prediction of continuous performance test in primary school children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with parents and teacher reports of inattention, hyperactivity and oppositional behavior.Fifteen school aged children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder without co-morbid psychiatric disorders were selected from Roozbeh child and adolescent psychiatry clinic. Teachers and parent Conner's questionnaires. Continuous Performance Test and 4 class dictation scores were registered from each subject.Commission errors were correlated with hyperactivity scale in the parent report [r=-0.50, p<0.05], and with ADHD score [r=-0.49, p<0.05]. Omission error was correlated with inattention [r=0.66, p<0.05] and ADHD score [r=0.51, p<0.05] on teachers report. Reaction time was correlated with oppositional [r=0.51, p<0.05] subscale in parents Conner's questionnaire. Dictation scores were correlated with inattention on parents report[r-0.52, p<0.05] and omission on Continuous Performance Test [r=-0.79, p<0.05].Current study reported a significant correlation between neuropsychological tests and questionnaires, in ADHD

Application of E-commerce in local home shopping and its consequences on energy consumption and air pollution reduction

Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether [MTBE] is one of the ether oxygenates which its use has been increased within the last twenty years. This compound is produced from isobutylene and methanol reaction that is used as octane index enhancer and also increases dissolved oxygen in gasoline and decreases carbon monoxide emission in four phased motors because of better combustion of gasoline. High solubility in water [52 g/L], high vapor pressure [0.54 kg/cm3], low absorption to organic carbon of soil and presence of MTBE in the list of potentially-carcinogens of U.S EPA has made its use of great concern. The culture media used in this study was Mineral Salt Medium [MSM]. The study lasted for 236 days and in three different concentrations of MTBE of 200, 5 and 0.8 mg/L. A control sample was also used to compare the results. This research studied the isolation methods of microbial consortium in the MTBE polluted soils in Tehran and Abadan petroleum refinery besides MTBE degradation. The results showed the capability of bacteria in consuming MTBE as carbon source. Final microbial isolation was performed with several microbial passages as well as keeping consortium in a certain amount of MTBE as the carbon source

[Osteoporosis; diagnosis and treatment]

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disorder which is increasing all over the world. It is associated with age and sex, therefore the highest prevalence of the disease is seen in post menopausal women. Increase in life expectancy and number of old people will cause significant rise in the prevalence of osteoporosis in future. In our country according to Tehran survey, prevalence of osteoporosis in 60-69 yr. women in spine and hip region is 52.4% and 5.9% and in the same age range in men is 9.4% and 3.1%, respectively. Osteoporosis is thus a problem of the world in second half of the present century specially in Asia, so prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease is imperative for health improvement. One of the most important complications of osteoporosis is fracture of spine and femur neck which increases mortality and morbidity. More than 90% of hip and femur neck fractures occur in 50 yr old or above, and 80% of them are women. Osteoporotic fractures incur high cost for the patient and community. Major risk factors of osteoporosis are: age, low bone density, history of fragility fracture and history of familial osteoporosis. Today the diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on bone density measurement. Osteoporosis is a mulitfactorial disorder and its prevention and treatment are difficult. Most of the treatments available for treatment of osteoporosis recent have antiresorptive effects which reduce bone distruction. Some of these drugs also decrease pathologic fractures. New drugs increasing bone formation are coming up. However in all kinds of treatments existance of sufficient calcium and vitamin D reserve is necessary for efficacy of medications that could be provided by nutrition or supplements