[Relationship between infant nutrition feeding and childhood obesity in first grade Tehranian students of primary schools, 2009]

Since the prevalence and severity of childhood obesity is increasing, understanding the effective factors for prevention of this disorder is important. A total of 513 students of both sexes in the first year of primary schools, were recruited in this cross-sectional study. They were chosen randomly from 19 regions [of the ministry of education] from Tehran city. Their weight and height were measured, and information on infant birth and feeding characteristics [birth order, birth weight, the type of feeding in infancy, the duration of exclusive breast feeding, the duration of breast feeding and formula feeding] activity levels, the timing of the introduction of complementary foods were obtained. Descriptive statistical methods such as frequency distribution table,%C2 test and central and dispersion parameters were used to describe samples. Eight percent of the children were overweight and 11.7% were obese. There was no significant relation between the type of feeding [breast or formula feeding] and children's BMI. The duration of breast feeding was not significantly associated with children's BMI, Children's BMI had a negative linear association with the duration of exclusive breast feeding [r=-0.151, P=0.0001]. The duration of formula feeding was associated with children's BMI [r=0.108, P=0.007]. Children's BMI had an inverse linear relation with the time of introduction of complementary foods [r=-0.128, P=0.002]. This study shows the importance of duration of breast feeding in reducing the risk of childhood obesity

[Predicting of changes in obesity indices regarding to dietary patterns in longitudinal Tehran lipid and glucose study]

This study aimed at investigating the association between obesity indices [Body Mass Index [BMI], Waist Circumference [WC], Waist to Hip Ratio [WHR]] and dietary patterns derived from Reduced Rank Regression [RRR] analysis among Tehranian adults in a cohort study. Over a duration of 6 years, 141 adults were examined before and after 6 years for obesity indices. Dietary intakes were recorded at baseline by two 24 hour dietary recalls. RRR analysis derived five patterns with respect to total fat, polyunsaturated-to-saturated fat ratio, cholesterol, fiber and calcium intakes. The calculated factor scores were categorized in quintiles and changes in obesity indices were scrutinized within these quintiles. The first pattern [traditional] showed high loadings on refined carbohydrates, whole grain, vegetables, red and processed meat, saturated and trans fat, egg, showing significant high positive correlation with fat, cholesterol and calcium intakes [r=0.478, 0.626, and 0.486, respectively; p<0.001]. All obesity indices had an increasing trend across quintiles of pattern score [p<0.05 for BMI and WHR, p<0.001 for WC]. The fifth pattern [egg] had high loading for eggs, salty snacks, and fruits, and negative loadings for red and processed meat, saturated and trans fat, plant oil, and dairy products, indicating increasing trends for WC [p<0.001] and WHR [p<0.05] after adjustment for potential confounders. Other patterns showed non-significant trends for obesity indices. RRR analyses were indicative of two dominant dietary patterns correlated with increase in obesity indices in Tehran