ABSTRACT
Autoxidation is considered to be the main route of edible oil deterioration, which produces undesirable odors and flavors [attributed to primary and secondary products of unsaturated fatty acids] during storage and heating. Antioxidant activities of Zataria multiflora [ZMEO] and Bunium persicum [BPEO] essential oils [EOs] in linseed oil [containing higher omega-3 in vegetable sources] were studied with 4 indexes. Total phenol content, electropositive potential [by bleaching using violet ethanol solution of DPPH], antioxidant capacity [by radical cation of ABTS], scavenging activity of hydrogen peroxide and Fe-reducing power of the EOs were measured. Then ZMEO and BPEO [0.6, 1, 1.4, 1.8 mg/ml] were added to linseed oils; peroxide and tiobarbituric acid in 0[th]- 15[th] days [at 60°C] were compared with TBHQ [0.01, 0.02] and BHT [0.1, 0.2]. IC50 of ZMEO and BPEO in mentioned assays were 0.78 and 1.52; 0.11 and 7.50; 0.31 and 0.72 mg/ml and RP0.5 for reducing power assay was 0.76 and 2.12 mg/ml. Total phenolic compound of ZMEO and BPEO were 322 and 50.6 mg/ml. The best antioxidant levels of reductive oxidation were 600 for ZMEO and BPEO and 20 for TBHQ. PV and TBA values demonstrated that both of EOs in linseed oil had the same antioxidant activity in 600 ppm [ZMEO>BPEO] in 4 tests, and EOs will be used as natural antioxidants as a good replacement in 600 ppm with BHT [100] and TBHQ [10] as synthetic
ABSTRACT
Autoxidation is considered to be the main route of edible oil deterioration, which produces undesirable odors and flavors during storage and heating. The unpleasant flavor of oxidized oil has been attributed to primary and secondary products of unsaturated fatty acids. The microwave heating is a rapid method when compared with other methods of heating. In this research, the effect of microwave heating on the oxidative stability of soybean oil amended with either of Satureja hortensis L. [SHEO] and Zataria multiflora Boiss [ZMEO] essential oils was evaluated and compared with synthetic antioxidant [butylated hydroxyl toluene= BHT; 200 ppm]. Soybean oil containing with SHEO [200 and 1000 ppm], ZMEO [200 and 1000 ppm] and BHT [200 ppm] were heated using microwave oven [600 W] for 25 min and spectrophotometer was used to determine UV absorption. Peroxide value [PV], conjugated dienes [CD] and conjugated trienes [CT] indices were measured. Statistical results showed that PV after 25 min were increased in all treatments and the stability of soybean oil treated with synthetic antioxidant [BHT, 200 ppm] was higher than oil treated with the studied essential oils [SHEO and ZMEO, 200 and 1000 ppm]. Diene and triene indices increased during the heating. There was a positive correlation between PV, diene and triene indices during the process of microwave heating. The two essential oils [SHEO and ZMEO, in concentrations of 200 and 1000 ppm] showed fairly good antioxidant activities as compared with BHT [200 ppm] in soybean oil control sample [refined- bleached- deodorized soybean oil without any additives]
ABSTRACT
Training breast self-examination by peers provides an appropriate situation in order to form proper health behaviors during the adolescence age. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of training breast self-examination by peers and health care personnel on students' knowledge and attitude. In this quasi-experimental study, 112 students from two schools of dentistry and management of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected randomly and were allocated in two groups. They were taken a pre-test and two post-tests. Data gathering tool was an assessment test evaluating their knowledge about breast cancer and self-examination and their attitude toward breast self-examination. Four or five students from each class were selected and trained as peer instructors. Students of the first group were trained by peers and the students in the second group were instructed by health care personnel separately using booklet. At the end of educational sessions, the first post-test, and after 6 weeks, the second post-test were taken. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test and independent t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and factor analysis test. There was a significant difference between knowledge and attitude scores of the two groups immediately after education, so that, the mean score of knowledge in the group trained by peers was higher than the one educated by health care personnel. But, no significant difference was observed between the attitude scores of the two groups, 6 weeks after education. Comparing the knowledge and attitude scores, before, immediately after and 6 weeks after education showed a significant difference in each group. The efficacy of training breast self-examination by peers is higher than by health care personnel. It is recommended to employ this educational method more, especially in training self-examination
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Personnel , Education , Students , Knowledge , Attitude , Breast NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Background: the prevalence of infection with bowel parasites is still remarkably high in children of developing countries. Day-care units usually serve for the infants and children as their primary site of social contact; so we aimed to determine the frequency rate of bowel infections h1 children attending these places, on their arrival and comparing it with this frequency 4-6 months afterwards
Methods and Materials: in this descriptive-analytic longitudinal study performed during the latter half of 1378, a total of 853 children of 4-6 years were randomly selected from day-care units of different regions in Zahedan. After recording the demographic data, a direct stool exam scatch test and formaline-etter test were done. In the first stage 411 and in the next stage [4-6 months later] 438 children were studied. Chi-square test was used to compare the injection rate between the first and second stages
Results: the rate of infected children was 19. 1% and 42% in the first and the second stages respectively. The highest increase in infection rate belonged to Oxyuris which increased from 4. 7% in stage one to 15.5% in stage two. The rate of infection with Giardia lambelia and Hemonolepsis nana was 10.6% and 3.1% in stage one, which respectively raised to 15% and 4.6% in stage two. The above_ increment was significant [P<0.05]. Totally 835 children all younger than 6 years old were studied in the two stages of which 263 [30.8%] had at least one type of infection. The frequency of infection with Oxyuris was 78 in 785 prepared slides
Conclusions: considering the life cycle of bowel parasites and their routes of transmission, it seems that we face shortness in knowledge of workers in day-care centers and also an insufficiency in practice of sanitary principles. A closer study of effective factors in transmission of infestation in these centers and their elimination, periodically testing the children and their care-givers, and finally programs of hygiene education and control for the workers seems a necessity